Makar Tschudra

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Makar Tschudra ( Russian Макар Чудра ) is a short story by the Russian writer Maxim Gorki from 1892, which was published in German in 1901. Gorky wrote the story in Tbilisi in 1892 . He was working in the workshop of the Transcaucasian Railway at the time . In this first publication by the author, which appeared on September 12, 1892 under the pseudonym Maxim Gorki (Gorki: the bitter) in the Tbilisi newspaper Caucasus (Kawkas), the nomad Makar Tschudra tells the first-person narrator, a Russian , the story of unhappy love of the young Loiko Sobar for the beautiful Radda.

Commemorative plaque on a Tbilisi residential building: “In 1892, the great Russian writer Maxim Gorky lived in this house. This is where his first story, Makar Tschudra, was written .

prehistory

After six years of exile in Siberia , Korolenko was not allowed to stay in any Russian capital, but in Gorki's native Nizhny Novgorod . In 1889 Gorky presented his "excellent poem" Sang der alten Eiche to the writer and received a rebuff. Gorky then stopped typing and hiked the area around the Don , the Ukraine , Bessarabia and the Russian Black Sea coast for two years and stayed for a while in the Caucasus . A certain Alexander Kaljuschny from the popular will , who was under house arrest in Tbilisi, urged Gorky to write down the story of Makar Tschudra.

content

Frame narration

On a dark autumn night, 58-year-old Makar Tschudra and the first-person narrator sit across from each other by a wood fire; "On the left the boundless steppe, on the right the endless sea". Makar Tschudra loves this vastness and despises those settled people who crowd in their villages. He tends the horses of his tribe. Not far away, out of the darkness, "a passionate lyric song" sounds. The singer is Makar Tschudra's daughter, the beautiful Nonka. Her father speaks to his counterpart as "falcon" and tells him what he has seen of the world. He and his tribe traveled through the Bukovina ; in Galicia he was imprisoned.

Makar Tschudra tells of that time in Bukovina. One spring night he was sitting there with the soldier Danilo and his daughter Radda. Danilo had once fought in the ranks of Kossuth . Makar Tschudra describes the beautiful Radda; compares her to his proud daughter Nonka, but he looks for words and phrases when he wants to praise her as incomparable to Nonka.

The Russian first-person narrator adds to the story Makar Tschudras: "... the sea sang a gloomy, solemn hymn to the proud, beautiful gypsy couple - Loiko Sobar and Radda ... The two, however, floated around each other fleetingly and silently in the darkness of the night, and the beautiful Loiko never managed to reach the proud Radda. "

Internal narration

When Loiko Sobar, who could even read and write Russian and Hungarian, had joined Makar Tschudra's tribe in Bukovina, soon all the members of the tribe had become fond of the newcomer. But Radda, Danilo's daughter, had taken no notice of the boy. Loiko Sobar wants to tame the "fiery horse". Danilo agrees; but has his concerns. Loiko Sobar's first attempt at taming fails. Radda brings down her new lover. Even when Radda points her pistol at him the next time Loiko tries to overtake him, he answers the threat with: “I love you!” In return, Radda confesses her love to Loiko, but has to explain that she loves freedom even more. So Radda only wants to become Loiko's wife after he has bent down in front of her in the presence of her fully assembled tribe and kissed her right hand. Loiko promises with a groan and stabs her lover with his crooked knife. Then the old Danilo stabs the murderer from behind, "because he was Radda's father."

German-language editions

  • Maxim Gorki: Makar Tschudra and other stories. Only authorized translation from Russian by August Scholz . Malik-Verlag , Berlin 1926.
  • Maxim Gorki: The wooden rafts and other stories. Only authorized translation from Russian by August Scholz. 507 pages. Malik-Verlag, Berlin 1926 ( Makar Tschudra. About the siskin who lied and the woodpecker who loved the truth. Jemeljan Piljaj. Grandfather Archip and Lenjka. Tschelkasch . Once in autumn. The song of the falcon. An error. The old one Isergil . The story with the silver lock. My traveling companion . The log rafts. Bolek. In Weltschmerz. Konovalov . The Khan and his son. The exit ).
  • Makar Tschudra. P. 7–29 in: Maxim Gorki: Selected Works: Stories. Fairy tale. Memories. SWA-Verlag, Berlin 1947 (typesetting: Dr. Karl Meyer GmbH, Leipzig. Printing: Leipziger Buchdruckerei GmbH, Leipzig).
  • Maxim Gorki: Makar Tschudra and other stories . Roman newspaper , November issue 1951 (issue 29), Volk und Welt, Berlin.
  • Makar Tschudra. German by Georg Schwarz. P. 31–46 in: Maxim Gorki: Stories. With a foreword by Edel Mirowa-Florin. Vol. 1 from: Eva Kosing, Edel Mirowa-Florin (Hrsg.): Maxim Gorki: Works in four volumes. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1977 (1st edition)
Used edition
  • Makar Tschudra. German by Arthur Luther . P. 9–22 in: Maxim Gorki: Stories. First volume. 492 pages. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1953.

reception

  • Ludwig writes that in Gorki's work, love is “often the measure of a person's worth or unworthiness” and summarizes: Radda and Loiko love freedom more than their lives. Makar Tschudra looks down on those who work, those who toil with contempt. Freedom is his greatest asset.

filming

literature

  • Nina Gourfinkel: Maxim Gorki. With testimonials and photo documents. Translated from the French by Rolf-Dietrich Keil . Rowohlt, Hamburg 1958 (1986 edition), ISBN 3-499-50009-4 .
  • Nadeshda Ludwig: Maxim Gorki. Life and work. Series of Contemporary Writers. People and Knowledge, Berlin 1984.
  • Henri Troyat : Gorky. Petrel of the Revolution. German adaptation by Antoinette Gittinger. Casimir Katz Verlag, Gernsbach 1987, ISBN 3-925825-08-8 .

Web links

Wikiquote: Макар Чудра  - Quotes (Russian)

Remarks

  1. ↑ At a young age Gorky hiked among other things the north shore of the Black Sea (Gourfinkel, p. 129). For example, in My Path Companion he tells about his four-month (edition used, p. 435, 9th Zvo) on foot from Odessa to Tiflis in the autumn of 1891 (edition used, p. 491, 2nd entry).
  2. ↑ Gorki means the Black Sea (Gourfinkel, p. 10, 13. Zvo).
  3. ↑ Translator not mentioned.
  4. ^ The SWA publishing house in Berlin was a publishing house of the Soviet military administration in Germany .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Works by Maxim Gorki in the Gutenberg-DE project
  2. ↑ Edition used, p. 485, 5th Zvo
  3. ↑ Edition used, p. 485, first entry
  4. ↑ see also Gourfinkel, p. 132
  5. ↑ Gourfinkel, p. 31, 3. Zvo and Troyat, p. 56 below
  6. ↑ see also Alexander Eliasberg : Russian literary history in individual portraits. Gorky and Andrejew in the Gutenberg-DE project
  7. ↑ Edition used, p. 9, 9. Zvo
  8. ↑ Edition used, p. 11, 20. Zvo
  9. ↑ Edition used, p. 22, 7th Zvu
  10. ↑ Edition used, p. 21, 13. Zvu
  11. ^ NDB entry by August Scholz
  12. ↑ Ludwig, p. 29, 11. Zvu
  13. ↑ Gypsies Are Found Near Heaven in the Internet Movie Database (English)