Yegor Bulychov and others

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Egor Bulytschow and others ( Russian Егор Булычов и другие , Egor Bulytschow i drugije ), also Egor Bulichow and the others , is a drama by the Russian writer Maxim Gorki . The writing was finished in the spring of 1931. The text was published in 1932 by Kniga Verlag in Berlin in Russian. The play was premiered on September 25, 1932 in Moscow's Vakhtangov Theater and at the same time in the Leningrad Great Drama Theater.

In 1937 WL Gibson-Cowan translated the piece into English: Yegor Bulichov and Others . Vito Pandolfi made his debut in Italy in 1944 as a theater director with Yegor Bulytschow .

Olga Halpern's translation into German came out in 1946 at the stage sales department. The German premiere took place on May 11, 1946 at the Stadttheater Gera . In 1952, Willy A. Kleinau (director: Hans Jungbauer ) played the title role at the Deutsches Theater Berlin and Albert Hetterle in 1962 at the Maxim Gorki Theater .

In 1980 Antōnēs Vogiazos translated the piece into modern Greek . Egor Boulytchov et les autres is the name of the French version .

Gorky in 1889

The death of a businessman

Russia 1916/1917: The doctor diagnosed liver cancer. Everyone in the vicinity of the wealthy merchant Yegor Vasilyevich Bulytschow is waiting for him to finally die. Only his illegitimate daughter Alexandra, called Schura, and the maid Glafira stand by him.

Bulychev's wife Ksenija - also called Aksinja - sees her future in gloomy colors. She fears for the house and hearth after the death of the terminally ill. Her biological daughter Varvara and her husband, the lawyer Andrei Swonzow, will probably take it away from her. In addition, Swonzow wants to pair his cousin Tyatin with Shura because of the money.

Bulychov, the son of a raftsman , started out as a poor clerk . With the start-up capital from the caskets of his wife and her sister, the abbess Melaniya, Bulytschow had made his fortune. He was also Melanija's lover, who no longer wants to admit it. Her share, which is still in Bulychov's company, belongs to the church, the abbess clarifies. She wants to credit Sister Aksinja for it.

Bulytschow thinks back to the year 1913. Tsar Nikolai had shaken his hand for the 300th anniversary of the Romanovs . Glafira wants to go to Siberia with Bulychov . The patient is in pain and is forced to refuse. Shura wants to straighten him up: “I don't think you're seriously ill.” Gorky lets Bulytschow live on stage, but towards the end of the play he is “very badly. And a demonstration is on the way ”.

The night before

The above demonstration points to the two-level architecture of the work. Level one ostensibly brings up the miserable death of a capitalist. Gorky originally wanted the piece to be titled “On the Eve”, referring to the time immediately before the 1917 October Revolution . This is alluded to in some places on level two. Swonzow, for example, makes it clear: “In the year five it was an uprising , not a revolution. Back then, the peasants and workers were at home, today they are on the front lines. Today the revolution is directed against the officials, the governors , the ministers ... The tsar is evidently incapable of governing. ”Another bourgeois critic of the system appears and hits the same line:“ The fence around the state is everywhere undermined by pigs and the governor already understands that there is a revolution. ”Shura also asks:“ Yes. Listen: Is the revolution coming? "And the revolutionary Yakov Laptev - that is Bulychov's godson - replies:" It has already started! Don't you read the newspapers? ”To Tyatin, Shura, who wants revenge, says a little later:“ As soon as the revolution begins, I'll get started. You'll see. ”Yakov is arrested by the police soon afterwards. The Tsar is by members of the KD-party locked . Events roll over one another: Yakov is released because all political prisoners have been released from prisons. Ksenija reports on incidents near her sister Melanija: "Fugitive soldiers have attacked the monastery, slaughtered a cow ... and ... our forest ranger gives shelter to bad people ... The mob is mucking up. The women of Kopossowo shout in my face: We are the people. "

reception

  • According to Ludwig, the dying Bulytschow observes how the family fights for the inheritance and does not understand that they will lose land and workers to the revolutionaries. Gorky tried in vain to hide his authorship from the ensemble of the Vakhtangov Theater.

Film adaptations

German-language editions

Used edition

  • Yegor Bulychov and others. Scenes. German by Werner Creutziger . With an afterword and comments by Ilse Stauche. Pp. 325–387 in: Maxim Gorki: Dramen II. 557 pages. Vol. 22 from: Eva Kosing (ed.), Edel Mirowa-Florin (ed.): Maxim Gorki: Collected works in individual volumes. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1974

literature

  • Nadeshda Ludwig: Maxim Gorki. Life and work. Series of Contemporary Writers. People and Knowledge, Berlin 1984.

Web links

annotation

  1. ↑ The place of the action could be Kostroma (edition used, p. 361, 4th Zvo).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ WL Gibson-Cowan: Entry in WorldCat
  2. ↑ Stauche in the edition used, pp. 550–551
  3. ^ French Gorky Theater Nizhny Novgorod
  4. ↑ Stauche in the edition used, p. 550, 5. Zvo
  5. ↑ Edition used, p. 340, 10. Zvo
  6. ↑ Edition used, p. 346, 2nd Zvo
  7. ↑ Edition used, p. 349, 1. Zvu
  8. ↑ Edition used, p. 355, middle
  9. ↑ Edition used, p. 369, 5th Zvu
  10. ↑ Edition used, p. 377, middle and p. 378, middle
  11. ↑ Ludwig, p. 269 below - 272 above
  12. ^ FRG: Entry in the IMDb
  13. ↑ Russian Егор Булычов и другие (фильм, 1971)
  14. ↑ Russian Булгакова, Майя Григорьевна
  15. ↑ Russian Васильева, Екатерина Сергеевна
  16. ↑ Russian Русланова, Нина Ивановна
  17. ^ Soviet Union: Entry in the IMDb
  18. ↑ Entry on kabeleins.de
  19. ^ Entry in the film archive of the Federal Archives
  20. ^ GDR: Entry in the IMDb
  21. ^ Creutziger, Werner in the German biography