Manchurian apricot
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Manchurian apricot ( Prunus mandshurica ), blossoms |
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| Prunus mandshurica | ||||||||||||
| ( Maxim. ) Koehne |
The Manchurian apricot ( Prunus mandshurica ) is a species of the genus Prunus in the rose family (Rosaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Manchurian apricot grows as a deciduous tree and reaches heights of 5 to 15 meters. The dark gray bark is deeply split. The bark of the branches is reddish-brown to greenish and bare. The purple-brown winter buds, standing individually on the side, are egg-shaped with a length of 2 to 4 millimeters with a blunt upper end, and the edges of the bud scales are hairy bald to downy.
The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is hairy and 1.5 to 3 inches long. Often there are two nectaries on the petiole. The simple leaf blade is 5 to 12 centimeters long, rarely up to 15 centimeters and a width of 3 to 6, rarely up to 8 centimeters broadly ovate to broadly elliptical with a broadly wedge-shaped, rounded or sometimes heart-shaped base and pointed to tailed upper end. The leaf margins are pointed, irregularly double-serrated. Both leaf surfaces are hairy or hairy, but mostly bald and the leaf veins usually remain hairy on the underside of the leaf. There are stipules present.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from April to May. The flowers open before the leaves unfold. The flowers are single. The 7 to 10 millimeter long peduncle is sometimes sparsely hairy at first and later or all the time bare.
The hermaphroditic flower is radially symmetrical with a diameter of 2 to 3 centimeters and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The bell-shaped flower cup (hypanthium) is reddish brown on the outside, mostly bare. The five free sepals overlap like roof tiles. The reddish-brown sepals , mostly bare on the outside, are elongated to elliptical-elongated with a blunt to pointed upper end; its edge is inconspicuously finely sawn. The five free petals overlap like roof tiles. The pink or white petals are broadly obovate to almost circular. The many stamens are almost as long to slightly longer than the petals. The free stamens are thread-like. The above constant, unilocular ovary is hairy tight fluffy and contains two hanging ovules. The single stylus is elongated.
The fruits ripen from May to July. The laterally flattened, almost round stone fruit with a diameter of 1.5 to 2.6 centimeters is hairy. The ripe yellow or sometimes white-tinged red fruit skin is sometimes dotted with red. The fleshy to dry mesocarp is fragrant. The endocarp is hard. The stone core, which is 1.3 to 1.8 centimeters long and 1.1 to 1.8 centimeters wide, is relatively small and is laterally flattened, almost spherical to broad-ellipsoidal with an almost symmetrical base and a blunt to prickly-pointed upper end. The surface of the stone core is a little wrinkled.
Occurrence
In Russia's Far East, the Manchurian apricot occurs only in the Primorye region , in Korea and in the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin and Liaoning . In China, Prunus mandshurica thrives in mixed forests, in thickets, mountain regions and on open, sunny slopes at altitudes of 200 to 1000 meters.
Systematics and distribution
It was first described in 1883 as a variety of Prunus armeniaca L. var. Mandshurica Maxim. by Maximowicz in Bulletin de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg , Séries 3, 29, 1, page 87 ( Basionym ). It received the rank of a species Prunus mandshurica (Maxim.) Koehne in 1893 by Bernhard Adalbert Emil Koehne in Deutsche Dendrologie , page 317. The specific epithet mandshurica refers to the distribution area in Manchuria . Other synonyms for Prunus mandshurica (Maxim.) Koehne are: Armeniaca mandshurica (Maxim.) Skvortsov , Prunus mandshurica var. Barbinervis Nakai .
The Manchurian apricot ( Prunus mandshurica ) belongs like the apricot ( Prunus armeniaca ), the Japanese apricot ( Prunus mume ) and the Siberian apricot ( Prunus sibirica ) to the section Armeniaca in the subgenus Prunus within the genus Prunus .
Of Prunus mandshurica There are two varieties:
- Prunus mandshurica var. Glabra Nakai (Syn .: Armeniaca mandshurica var. Glabra (Nakai) TTYu & LTLu )
- Prunus mandshurica (Maxim.) Koehne var. Mandshurica (Syn .: Armeniaca mandshurica (Maxim.) Skvortsov var. Mandshurica )
Common names in other languages
The Chinese common name is 东北 杏 , dōng běi xìng . The common English name is Manchurian apricot .
use
The wood of the Manchurian apricot is very hard.
The fruits ripen from May to July. The fruits, especially those of large-fruited varieties, are edible. Large-fruited forms taste a little fleshy to dry, sour or a little bit bittersweet. The seed tastes bitter, rarely sweet.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Lu Lingdi (Lu Ling-ti), Bruce Bartholomew: Armeniaca Scopoli : Armeniaca mandshurica (Maximowicz) Skvortzov , p. 399 - online with the same text as the printed work , In : Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 .
- ^ Magda-Viola Hanke, Henryk Flachowsky: Fruit breeding and scientific principles . Springer Spectrum, 2017, ISBN 978-3-662-54084-8 , p. 490 .
- ↑ Maximowicz scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1883 .
- ^ Bernhard Adalbert Koehne: German Dendrology . by Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1893.
- ↑ a b c d Prunus mandshurica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ↑ Prunus mandshurica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 13, 2018.
Web links
- Dale E. Herman, Craig M. Stange, Vernon C. Quam: Manchurian apricot ( Prunus armeniaca var. Mandshurica ). (PDF) In: The North Dakota Tree Handbook. North Dakota State University, accessed December 13, 2018 .
- Joseph P. Hou, Youyu Jin: The Healing Power of Chinese Herbs and Medicinal Recipes . Routledge 2012, ISBN 978-1-136-41575-3 , pp. 364–365 ( limited preview in Google Book search).