Marek Jandołowicz

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Father Marek Jandołowicz, 1796

Marek Jandołowicz , OCarm also known as Father Marek (* around 1713 in Lviv ; † September 11, 1799 in Berezówka ( Volhynia )) was an important Discalced Carmelite , religious priest and Polish patriot. He was best known as the spiritual leader of the Confederation of Bar in the struggle for faith and freedom for Poland-Lithuania . There he is venerated as a prophet.

Life

Marek Jandołowicz was born around 1713 in the Polish-Lithuanian town of Lviv . In 1734 he joined the Order of the Discalced Carmelites , which goes back to Teresa of Avila and John of the Cross . In 1744 he was ordained a priest . In order to grow spiritually, he was transferred to the Berdychiv Monastery , where he became a preacher . His extraordinary ability as a speaker - he entered into a dialogue with the believers there - soon earned him the reputation of a prophet and saint . For example, he prophesied the impending overthrow of the frowned upon King Stanisław August Poniatowski .

In 1759, Father Marek became superior of the Carmelite monastery of Bar .

According to tradition, Father Marek is the author of the work Wieszczba dla Polski (“Prophecy for Poland”), also known as Profecja ks. Marka ("Father Marek's Prophecy") from the year 1763 or 1767. This messianic creed prophesies catastrophes for the Polish state and announces that one day Poland will be reborn like a phoenix from the ashes and be the pride of Europe .

On February 29, 1768, Father Marek, together with his bishop Krasiński , Józef Pułaski and Greater Poland General Starost Mniszech , founded the Bar Confederation at the Bar fortress . The motto of the Confederation was Bishop Sołtyk's words wiara i wolność (“Faith and Freedom”). Here Father Marek Jandołowicz developed into the spiritual leader of the historically most important confederation of Polish aristocrats for the defense of their golden freedom in the country. Today it is considered the last mass movement of the Szlachta and the first Polish national uprising with far-reaching consequences well into the 1980s. Father Marek founded the Knightly Order of Admirers of the Holy Cross, the main aim of which was the defense of Catholicism in Poland-Lithuania. During the Russian offensive from April to June 1768, during the siege of Bar on June 19, 1768, unarmed with a cross in hand, he marched against the militarily superior Confederation of Radom ( supported by Russia ) .

After the capture of the city of Bar and the partial victory of the Russian Alliance on June 20, 1768, Father Marek was arrested by the Cossacks and deported to Kiev . In their eyes he was the No. 1 public enemy and generally dangerous. The Russian Empress Catherine II left him inhumane in dungeon for six years. After an amnesty in 1773 he was released and became prior of the Carmelite Monastery of Bar. From 1786 he lived in the Warsaw Carmelite Monastery of the Birth of the Virgin Mary.

During the Kościuszko uprising in 1794, he blessed Vice Brigadier General Kopeć in the struggle for faith and freedom.

Marek Jandołowicz was buried in 1799 in the crypt of the Discalced Carmelite Monastery of the Birth of the Virgin Mary in Horodyszcze. His grave became the destination of many pilgrims .

Impact and Legacy

After the November uprising of 1830/31, the Russian authorities closed the Discalced Carmelite Monastery in Horodyszcze in order to stop the ongoing stream of pilgrims to Father Marek's grave. The monastery was rededicated as a Russian Orthodox church. In 1858 the Russian Orthodox Church built her convent for the birth of the Virgin Mary here and walled up the entrance to the crypt.

The character of Father Marek inspired the writer of Polish Romanticism: 1833 appeared Seweryn Goszczyńskis work Father Marek's prophecy and 1843 Juliusz Słowacki Mystery Drama Father Marek . The figure of Father Marek can also be found at the beginning of Słowacki's digression epic Beniowski , for which the exciting life of Moritz Benjowski was the model.

The portrait of Father Marek from 1796 is now in the Capuchin monastery in the Mazovian town of Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą .

Works

  • Wieszczba dla Polski (“Prophecy for Poland”), 1763/67

literature

  • Polski Słownik Biograficzny , t. 10, p. 499-502. Warszawa 1927 r.
  • Juliusz Słowacki : Father Marek . A drama.

Web links

Commons : Marek Jandołowicz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jandołowicz Marek in the encyclopedia PWN
  2. ^ Tomasz Garlicki: Polski Słownik Biograficzny t. VII, p. 284
  3. ↑ Linking the Confederation of Bar (interview) with Dorota Dukwicz, Muzeum Historii Polski (pol.) Last accessed on June 20, 2015
  4. ↑ Pawluczuk UA: Życie monastyczne w II Rzeczypospolitej . Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, 2007, p. 30
  5. ↑ Feliks Koneczny: Święci w dziejach narodu polskiego , Warszawa, 1985
personal data
SURNAME Jandołowicz, Marek
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish priest and Discalced Carmelite
DATE OF BIRTH around 1713
PLACE OF BIRTH Lviv
DATE OF DEATH September 11, 1799
Place of death Berezówka