Assumption of Mary (Schönau)
Assumption of Mary in Schönau in the Black Forest is a Roman Catholic parish church. The first church dates back to the 12th century. After the new nave was built in the 18th century, today's neo-Gothic new building dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. With its 90 meter high bell tower, it is the tallest church in the Lörrach district . The late Gothic high altar from the 16th century is one of the most important furnishings.
history
Prehistory and first church
Schönau is said to have been raised to an independent parish as early as 1146 . There is no written evidence for this; However, this is available for the year 1158. With this certificate, the Bishop of Constance Hermann caused Abbot Günther von St. Blasien to build a church in Schönau. The consecration of the church in honor of Our Lady, John the Baptist , St. Blaise and other saints was carried out in 1164 by the Basel Bishop Ortlieb von Frohburg . While the churches were built out of wood in many of the surrounding villages, one suspects that Schönau could have been a stone building due to the relatively long construction period from 1158 to 1164.
In the 13th century a three-story tower covered with a gable roof was built or a possibly existing one was rebuilt. It is known that the choir was located in the tower hall and that the high-profile ribbed vault rested on three-quarter corner columns with round feet and capitals .
Remodeling in the 14th century
For the renovation of the church, St. Blasien allowed material to be procured from the monastery's own quarry near Fahrnau . Many architectural details of this building have survived. The nave portal was pointed arched and the walls were provided with small columns, the capitals of which were decorated with drives. Towards the end of the 15th century a sacrament shrine with a holy grave was added to the north choir wall. The high altar by unknown masters was built either between 1520 and 1530 or around 1550 and is considered the most beautiful late Gothic between Freiburg im Breisgau and Basel . There are stylistic parallels to the high altars of the Freiburg Minster and the Breisach Minster ; due to various peculiarities, however, it cannot be assumed with certainty that the masters are identical.
New construction of the nave in the 18th century
In the course of the new nave construction in the 1720s, the church received two new side altars. The left was consecrated to Mary and St. Joseph , the right to St. Anna, Sebastian, Christopherus and Rochus. After the renovation work was completed, the Constance Auxiliary Bishop Franz Johann Anton von Uthika consecrated the church on October 7, 1727. In the 18th century, a baroque pulpit and the image of the Last Supper were added over the triumphal arch . The edge of the ceiling was decorated with a stucco frame ; but not painted in. In the years 1792 to 1793 the nave was extended by a few meters and in 1798 a larger gallery was built. Further repair and renovation work will follow in the next few years.
New building at the beginning of the 20th century
Since the work did not change anything in the generally poor condition, it was decided in 1902 to completely rebuild the building. Except for the lower part of the tower, the entire structure was demolished. The new church was built according to plans by the architect Raimund Jeblinger, rotated 45 degrees from the original main axis. Since the tower was significantly increased compared to the previous building, the foundation had to be reinforced accordingly. On September 4, 1908, the Freiburg bishop Justus Knecht consecrated the church. In 1929 the high altar was restored.
description
Church building
The church is located in the center of Schönau in the vicinity of the town hall. From the vaulted, three-aisled nave, a wide transept with pier struts jumps towards the west. The 90 meter high bell tower rises to the east , in which balustrades and pinnacles converge to form small gables in the upper area . The sound arcades are located between the balustrades, and the clock faces of the tower clock are in the gables. Above this is a very pointed eight-sided pyramid with a tower ball .
Interior and outfit
The middle shrine of the high altar shows Mary with child. You will be surrounded by the Evangelist John and St. Blaise, as well as St. Catherine and St. Barbara. Outside, Peter and Paul stand on tall pillars. In conversation Enge St. Christopher and St. Sebastian are shown. In the wings, scenes from the life of Mary are shown in relief images, including a picture with Joseph fetching water, which was probably inspired by the copper engraving Die Weynachten by Albrecht Dürer (1504). The pedestal area of the shrine shows the adoration of the kings.
Rosette in the aisle
High altar
Details of the pulpit
Side aisle and side altar
Bells and organs
The originally largest Hosanna bell is said to have been cast in Freiburg around 1300. Three more bells were purchased in 1778. The entire bell had to be delivered in 1918 as a result of the First World War . The replacement for it also had to be completely given up in World War II .
The current five-part chime is composed as follows:
| Surname | Chime | Casting year | foundry |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mary Queen of Heaven | c ′ | 1952 | Heinrich Kurtz, Stuttgart |
| St. Michael | it' | 1952 | Heinrich Kurtz, Stuttgart |
| All Saints Day | f ′ | 1952 | Heinrich Kurtz, Stuttgart |
| John the Evangelist | G' | 1952 | Heinrich Kurtz, Stuttgart |
| St. Barbara | b ′ | 1958 | Heinrich Kurtz, Stuttgart |
When the church was rebuilt, it also received a new organ , which was built by FW Schwarz between 1907 and 1908 . It initially comprised 27 registers ; was expanded in the years 1956 to 1959 by adding a Rückpositiv. The instrument has an electric performance and stop action and has three manuals , a pedal and 41 stops (with the couplings there are 55 stops).
literature
- Johannes Helm : Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland . Müllheim / Baden 1989, ISBN 3-921709-16-4 , pp. 309-311 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ ADAC Travel Guide plus Black Forest , ADAC Verlag 2010, ISBN 978-3-89905-298-5 , p. 118
- ^ A. Feßler: Parishes, churches and schools of the small meadow valley. In: Das Markgräflerland , 5th year, 1934, issue 4, p. 109.
- ^ E. Lais: The population of the parish of Schönau i. W. and its economy in the 17th and 18th centuries. In: Das Markgräflerland , 2nd year, 1930, issue 1, p. 15ff.
- ↑ a b E. Böhler: The history of the Catholic Church in Schönau i. Schw. In: Das Markgräflerland , 22nd year, 1960, issue 2, p. 1 ff.
- ↑ a b F. X. Kraus: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Großherzogtums Baden , Volume V, 1901, p. 171
- ^ W. Müller: The choir tower churches in Breisgau . In: Schau-ins-Land , 81st annual issue, 1963, p. 42ff.
- ↑ E. Böhler: The history of the Catholic Church in Schönau i. Schw. In: Das Markgräflerland , 22nd year, 1960, issue 2, p. 1ff.
- ^ J. Wilhelm: The Schönauer high altar . In: Das Markgräflerland , 1st year, 1930, issue 2, p. 59 ff.
- ^ A. Heimann-Schwarzweber: Topography of the historical sights. In: W. Bechtold (Ed.): Der Kreis Lörrach , 1971, pp. 105/106
- ↑ Helm: Churches and chapels in Markgräflerland , p. 309 (01.2)
- ↑ Helm: Churches and chapels in Markgräflerland , p. 310 (01.3)
- ^ Helm: Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland , p. 310 (01.4)
- ^ Hermann Jacob: Schönau: A special work of art. Badische Zeitung, December 24, 2015, accessed on January 6, 2016 .
- ^ Helm: Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland , p. 311
Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '12.8 " N , 7 ° 53' 35.5" E