Maria Janitschek

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Maria Janitschek 1898
Georg Ludwig Meyn : Maria Janitschek

Maria Janitschek , née Tölk (born July 22, 1859 in Mödling , Austrian Empire , † April 28, 1927 in Munich ) was a German writer of Austrian origin. She initially wrote under the pseudonym Marius Stein .

Life

Maria Janitschek, illegitimate child of Anna Tölk, who came from an officer's family, grew up in poor conditions. She did some of her training in a Hungarian monastery school . When she was 19 years old, she moved with her mother to Graz , where she first worked as a journalist under the pseudonym Marius Stein . The newspapers Modern Seal and Wiener Rundschau were among her employers. At the age of 23 she married Hubert Janitschek , professor of art history . Both lived in Strasbourg and Leipzig . Her husband died in 1893, after which she moved to Berlin and later to Munich.

Artistic creation

The first books she published were poetry anthologies and collections of short stories . The fact that she was able to identify very well with the interests of the bourgeois women's movement can be seen from the choice of topics in her works: the way in which she dealt with the love and marital problems of the women of her time was felt to be extremely permissive at the time. In 1889 her first volume of poetry, Earthly and Unearthly Dreams , was published, which also contained the heavily criticized poem 'A modern woman'. In 1909 her collection of novels, Die neue Eva , was banned in Germany. Émile Zola , Henrik Ibsen and Leo Tolstoy were role models in their eyes, but literarily one has to assign them to symbolism . She had a weakness for strong female characters who become merciless avengers as soon as they are wronged. In her epic works, she primarily pursued the dualism between the sensual and soul-oriented side in people.

Work (selection)

  • Legends and stories ? 1885
  • Earthly and unearthly dreams ,? 1889
  • Atlas , novella, Berlin 1893
  • Buch der Freiheit , anthology, edited by Karl Henckell (contains, inter alia, texts by Maria Janitschek), Berlin 1893
  • In the summer wind , poems, Leipzig 1895
  • Ninive , Roman, Leipzig 1896
  • Vom Wibe - Character Drawings , Berlin 1896
  • The grindstone - a picture of life , Leipzig 1896
  • Sunflowers , anthology, publisher Karl Henckell (contains, inter alia, texts by Maria Janitschek), Stuttgart 1896
  • Landed , Leipzig 1897
  • Crusaders , [Stories], Leipzig 1897
  • The Battle of the Amazons , Roman, Leipzig 1897
  • Ueberm Thal in: North and South - A German Monthly , Ed. Paul Lindau, Breslau 1898, Vol. 84
  • Frauenkraft novellas, Berlin 1900
  • From old times , poems, Leipzig 1900
  • Vom Wibe - Character Drawings , Berlin 1901
  • On wide wings , short stories, Leipzig 1902
  • The new Eva , novellas, Leipzig / Berlin 1902
  • Lilies of the valley , (From Aproditens Garden # 1), Leipzig 1902
  • Fire lily , (from Aproditens Garten # 2), Leipzig 1902
  • Pentecost Sun , novella, Breslau 1903
  • Mimicry - A piece of modern life , Roman, Leipzig 1903
  • Esclarmonde - your love and suffering , Stuttgart 1906
  • A night of love , Roman? 1908
  • Funny marriages - a story in which everyone gets together , Leipzig 1910
  • Olympier überm Tal , two novellas, (German folk culture in words, images and sounds # 5) Berlin around 1910
  • The stars of Mr. Ezelin , Roman, Leipzig 1915
  • The red devil , novel, Leipzig 1916
  • Wild blood , Berlin 1916
  • Im Finstern , Roman, Leipzig approx. 1920
  • Children of the Puszta , Roman,? 1920
  • Saat und Harvest - The German poetry around 1925 , in self-selections of the poets (including Maria Janitschek), with short personal biographies and details of their works, Ed. Albert Sergel, Berlin / Vienna 1924

literature

  • Heinz Rieder:  Janitschek, Maria. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 334 ( digitized version ).
  • Janitschek Maria. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1965, p. 73.
  • Söhnke Callsen: “Maria Janitschek - a forgotten author at the turn of the century? An attempt at a work-biographical portrait ”, in: Literature and the bourgeois women's movement in the German Empire and in the Weimar Republic. Research reports and studies , Hamburg 2010, pp. 73–89. Online: Maria Janitschek - a forgotten author at the turn of the century? .
  • Petra Budke u. Jutta Schulze: Writers in Berlin 1871-1945. An encyclopedia on life and work . Orlanda Frauenverlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-929823-22-5 .
  • Theresia Klugsberger u. Sigrid Schmid-Bortenschlager: Against the unambiguity. Maria Janitschek . In: Karin Tebben (Ed.): German-speaking women writers of the fin de siècle . Knowledge Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1999, ISBN 3-534-14484-8 , pp. 181-196 .
  • Isolde Wernbacher: Maria Janitschek. Personality and poetic work , Univ., Diss., Vienna, 1950.

Web links

Wikisource: Maria Janitschek  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Advertisement by the Hermann Seemann publishing house regarding the ban in Das neue Magazin № 5 of July 30, 1904, p. 2.
personal data
SURNAME Janitschek, Maria
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tölk, Maria (birth name); Stein, Marius (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH July 22, 1859
PLACE OF BIRTH Mödling near Vienna
DATE OF DEATH April 28, 1927
Place of death Munich