Maria Reese

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maria Reese

Maria Reese (born January 5, 1889 in Michelbach as Maria Meyer ; † October 9, 1958 in Zell (Mosel) ) was a writer , journalist and member of the Reichstag .

Life

Maria Reese came from a Catholic family of teachers and attended elementary school in Hersel and Lutterade and passed her teaching exams in Koblenz in 1912 . School inspector Pastor Kaufmann protested in 1913 against her employment as a teacher in Lüxem, because as a woman she was unable to represent the chaplain. She then worked as a teacher in Schladt from 1914 to 1917 . Because of her commitment to French prisoners of war in World War I , a court martial sentenced her to five months in prison and ordered her to be released from school. She moved to Trier in 1917 and joined the SPD in 1919 . From 1920 to June 1924 she was editor of the Trier People's Guard and member of the board of the Social Democratic Party and advisor for women's and youth issues in Trier. She was also a member of the International Women's League for Peace and Freedom (IFFF). In 1923 she married the upholsterer and then social democratic editor Gottlieb Reese, who had been a social democratic member of the Prussian state parliament.
Shortly afterwards, the couple were expelled from Trier by the French occupying forces . They moved to Hanover with their son Dagobert . There they separated in 1928. From then on, their son grew up with his grandparents in Lüxem . Maria Reese lived in Hanover as a writer. In 1928 she was put on the list of the SPD in the constituency of South Hanover-Braunschweig and in May 1928 she was elected as a member of the Reichstag . In November 1929 she joined with an "open letter" in the Communist Party newspaper The Red Flag to the KPD over. In 1930 and 1932 she was elected for the KPD in the Reichstag, to which she belonged until March 1933. She resigned from the Catholic Church . From 1930 to 1932 she was the publisher and editor of the KPD magazine The Red United Front in Berlin.

On February 27, 1933, she emigrated to Sweden and after interventions by the Nazi government there was no political asylum in Sweden or Denmark. She was deported to the Soviet Union in March 1933 .

On October 26, 1933, she resigned from the KPD. At the end of 1933 Maria Reese was deported from France to the Saar area , which was under a League of Nations mandate , where she was a member of the Trotskyist IKD for a few months . After the Saar referendum in 1935, she returned to Germany and wrote her last book "Settlement with Moscow" in 1938 on behalf of the Anti-Comintern . She sympathized with National Socialism and took up a job in Berlin for the Anti-Comintern , which was financed by the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda under Joseph Goebbels .

In 1944 she declared herself to be Catholic again. Her 21-year-old son Harro was executed by the German military justice on June 17, 1944 as a result of his desertion . Reese was arrested on July 20, 1944 and briefly imprisoned in Wittlich and Trier. After the end of the Second World War, she moved to Oldenburg on July 10, 1945 for fear of French communists, where she applied for a job as a teacher. During a visit to Lüxem after her mother's death, she was arrested by the French secret service and taken to the internment camp in Diez for two months for denazification . She was then imprisoned in Landau Fortress . After her release from prison, she worked as a teacher in an elementary school in Wilhelmshaven .

After the end of World War II, Reese was in the Federal Republic of Germany neither countries - still on the federal level politically active.

Publications

  • The true face of the SPD: a word to the SPD workers. International Workers' Publishing House, 1930
  • Social Democrat ... make up your mind! Internationaler Arbeiter-Verlag, Berlin 1931
  • At the front of the red structure. West German printing workshops, Düsseldorf 1932
  • Settlement with Moscow. Nibelungen-Verlag, Berlin / Leipzig 1938

literature

  • Reese, Maria . In: Hermann Weber , Andreas Herbst : German Communists. Biographisches Handbuch 1918 to 1945. 2nd, revised and greatly expanded edition. Dietz, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-320-02130-6 .
  • Werner Abel: The Maria Reese case. In Simone Barck, Ulla Plener (ed.): Treason. The labor movement between trauma and grief. Dietz, Berlin 2009, pp. 204-237.
  • Alfons Friderichs: Personalities of the Cochem-Zell district. Trier 2004, pp. 284-285, ISBN 3-89890-084-3 .
  • Martin Schumacher (Hrsg.): MdR The Reichstag members of the Weimar Republic in the time of National Socialism. Political persecution, emigration and expatriation, 1933–1945. A biographical documentation . 3rd, considerably expanded and revised edition. Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-5183-1 .
  • Franz-Josef Schmit: From the diary of a contentious woman. Online text, Trierischer Volksfreund from May 4, 2020.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mario Keßler : Ruth Fischer. A life with and against communists (1895–1961) (= contemporary historical studies. Vol. 51)., Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-412-21014-4 , p. 517.
personal data
SURNAME Reese, Maria
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Meyer, Maria (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German author, journalist, politician (SPD, KPD), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH January 5, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Michelbach
DATE OF DEATH October 9, 1958
Place of death Zell (Moselle)