Maria Schnee (Legau)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maria Schnee in Legau-Lehenbühl
Interior view of Maria Schnee in Lehenbühl, Legau

The Roman Catholic pilgrimage church Maria Schnee is located in Legau- Lehenbühl in the Unterallgäu district in Bavaria. It is the oldest pilgrimage church in the former prince monastery of Kempten . The church is a listed building. The patronage of Maria Schnee refers to the consecration day of the Patriarchal Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome .

history

Church from the west in winter

Formerly there was a chapel of the plague cemetery in Lehenbühl. The chapel became the destination of a pilgrimage when a miraculous image was installed around 1510. A round central building was then erected in the 16th century. This structure was built about 500 meters north of the previous chapel. The central building was enlarged around 1600 with the addition of a nave in a north-south direction. From 1715 the church was completely rebuilt. Christian Weber was the master mason for this new building . In 1873 iron bands were drawn in to secure the ceiling of the nave. A restoration of the church took place in 1954–1956.

Building description

Floor plan of the Maria Schnee pilgrimage church in Lehenbühl, near Legau

The nave of the church consists of a hall with four window axes and a flat barrel vault . The nave is structured by a strong all-round beam. This rests on pilasters in the nave and on chapter consoles in the choir . A double gallery is located on the west side of the nave. The almost square choir adjoins the nave. This is closed semicircularly towards the east. The semicircular choir has two floors. The upper high altar is on the upper floor . The basement contains the sacristy with a flat ceiling . The staircase to the upper floor is on the north side of the sacristy. The sacristy is connected to the choir with two arched doors to the right and left of the altar. The two doors are crowned with volutes and pieces of entablature. The southern of the two doors could still come from the previous building. There is a flat dome in the choir. The nave and the square choir have a gable roof , the semicircular end of the choir is covered with a mansard roof. The western facade is structured by pilasters. The rest of the outer facade has painted pilasters. The gable on the west side is curved several times with attached balls. The gable is crowned by a small two-story turret with corner pilasters. The turret is covered with a domed hood with a curved tip.

Interior

High altar

Altars

The high altar of the church is on the upper floor of the choir above the sacristy. It consists of a marbled wood structure with gold-plated rocailles decor. The high altar was created in 1760/1770. In the center of the high altar is the picture of grace, a Madonna figure from the period around 1520. The figure is surrounded by two angels beside a Vorhangdraperie. One of the angels wears coronation insignia. In the curved excerpt there is a figure of God the Father , angels on volutes to the right and left. The cafeteria of the high altar is curved. There is a rotating tabernacle above it . Two angels carrying candlesticks can be found on the entablature of the tabernacle. To the right and left of the high altar there are two curved passages. On these are mounted wooden figures of St. Gordian and Epimachus . The figures on the high altar, with the exception of the miraculous image, are attributed to Konrad Hegenauer .

The altar in the basement of the choir dates from 1885 in its current form and was created by Sales Kutter . Older parts of an altar were reused in its creation. The Pietà on the lower altar dates from the late 18th century.

The two side altars date from the early 18th century. The left side altar is marked 1718 . Both side altars are marbled wooden structures with simple canteens. The altar leaves are flanked by half-columns and twisted free columns. The side altars are crowned with curved gable legs with putti and vases. The altar panel on the left side altar depicts Mary with the 14 helpers in need and dates from the same time as the side altar. It was created by Franz Benedikt Hermann . Above the side altar is a figure of Mary of Victory . There is a smaller figure of St. John of Nepomuk on the cafeteria . The altar panel on the right side altar is modern. There is a figure of St. Joseph above the right side altar.

Pulpit, 18th century

pulpit

The pulpit dates from the middle of the 18th century and, like the altars, is a marbled wooden structure. The pulpit is decorated with gold-plated shellwork. The pulpit's basket is divided on three sides. On the dividing volutes there are figures of the four church fathers . At the corners of the cover are figures of the four evangelists . The pulpit is crowned by a trumpet angel .

Ceiling and wall frescoes

The frescoes on the ceiling and walls date from around 1715/1720 and were uncovered again in the course of restorations from 1954. The frescoes are attributed to Johann Martin Zick . The ceiling of the chancel shows the Visitation of Mary, an angel with a chalice and host, and the flight to Egypt . The Coronation of Mary can be seen in the dome of the semicircular choir. The gusset fields show the four parts of the world. The frescoes in the spandrels are modern and have been restored from old remains. Further frescoes can be found in the hollow of the choir. Two Marian allegories and the nave of the church can be seen to the north, and two Marian allegories and the snow wonder to the south. On the ceiling of the nave there are three frescos, these show from east to west, the Annunciation, the Assumption of Mary and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. A total of seven Marian allegories can be seen on the friezes at the foot of the nave vault.

There are a total of five paintings on the gallery in the nave. The lower gallery shows Mulier forti from south to north , in the middle Maria as patroness of Lehenbühl and in the third painting Judith from the Old Testament . In the upper gallery, the two paintings show angels making music.

Piece

Crucifix from 1749 under the coat of arms of Rupert von Bodmann on the choir arch

The rich stucco of the church comes from the time it was built and is attributed to Christoph Anton and Johann Bader . Strong, curved profiles are attached around the painting mirror. Foliage can be found on the balustrade of the gallery and on the ceiling of the sacristy. In the chancel there are leaf garlands and putti heads. A cartouche with the coat of arms of Abbot Rupert von Bodman from Kempten is on the choir arch . Also noteworthy are two stucco angels in the top left and right corner of the east wall of the nave. Both ride on the imperial eagle and have a lettering under them. With the angel on the right, this is "Maria Schnee den Mohamed Wehe". An allusion to the overwhelming victory of the Imperial Army over the Turks at the Battle of Peterwardein on August 5, 1716, the patronage of Maria Schnee .

painting

Several paintings from the 18th century are in the church. The paintings show an Immaculata, a St. Joachim - inscribed with Johann Nepomuk (H?) Ekelsmüller . Further paintings show St. Elisabeth and St. Anna, as well as St. Joseph, St. Zacharias and John the Baptist. In addition, there are three votive pictures from the 18th century in the church.

characters

The left side altar is crowned by a figure "Mary of Victory", the right by a similarly designed figure of Saint Joseph. The crucifix on the choir arch was created in 1749. The wooden figures of St. Johann Nepomuk, St. Sebastian and St. Rochus date from the middle of the 18th century.

Other equipment

On the chancel arch is a Epitaph of sandstone for Andreas nonsense († 1774). The simple sacristy chest dates from the beginning of the 18th century. Likewise, the two-door wall cupboard in the sacristy, decorated with pilasters and beams. The three wooden panels in the sacristy are marked 1815 . The choir stalls of Martin Eberlin comes from the 1692nd

See also

Web links

Commons : Wallfahrtskirche Lehenbühl  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
  • Peter Stoll: Johann Friedrich Sichelbein and the frescoes of the pilgrimage churches Kirchhaslach and Lehenbühl. University, Augsburg 2011 ( opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de PDF; 1.9 MB).

literature

  • Tilmann Breuer: City and District of Memmingen . Ed .: Heinrich Kreisel and Adam Horn. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1959, p. 144-146 .
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments - Bavaria III - Swabia . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03116-6 , pp. 647, 648 .
  • Hugo Fast, Xaver Hofmann, Ludwig Dorn: Lehenbühl Sanctuary of Maria Schnee (=  Small Kunstführer . No. 487 ). 3rd, revised edition. Schnell and Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1983, OCLC 630333267 (22 pages, with illustrations).

Individual evidence

  1. Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation: Entry D-7-78-165-25.

Coordinates: 47 ° 51 '24.5 "  N , 10 ° 8' 16.8"  E