Maria Feodorovna Morozova

Marija Feodorovna Morozova ( WA Serov , 1897, Russian Museum )

Marija Feodorovna Morozova , born Maria Fyodorovna Simonova , ( Russian Мария Фёдоровна Морозова , maiden name Russian Мария Фёдоровна Симонова ; born February 9 ^{. Jul} / 21st February  1830 ^greg. In Moscow , † July 18 ^jul. / 31 July  1911 ^greg. ibid) was a Russian entrepreneur and patron .

Life

Marija Fjodorovna came from a traditional merchant family with a silk and cotton weaving mill in Moscow. Her father Fyodor Ivanovich Simonov expanded the business and built three more businesses in the Moscow governorate . Her mother, Maria Konstantinovna, from the old-believing family of manufacturers Soldatjonkow, was also involved in textile production . Maria Feodorovna had two younger siblings. She received a good home education and learned German , French and mathematics . After the father's early death, the mother's childless cousin, entrepreneur Kosma Terentjewitsch Soldatjonkow , looked after the children.

Nikolskaya Manufactory

In 1846, Marija Feodorovna married the old-believing heir of the Morozov family business, Timofei Savvich Morozov, who was chosen by Kosma Soldatjonkow . After Sawwa Morosow had agreed with his older brothers on the division of his father's inheritance in 1871 and split up the family business with his cousins, he founded the textile company Sawwa Morosow Sohn and Co. with him as the main owner, the core of which was the Nikolskaya Manufaktura in the Moscow governorate. Marija Morosowa participated in the company, as did her sister Nadezhda and her brother Alexei with her inheritance from the Simonov estate after the death of their parents. In 1873 Morosowa became an equal partner with her husband. She held 22% of the shares, her husband 69% and her children 1.6%, while the remaining 7.4% was held by her partner Johann Ludwig Knoop , the accountant and the engineers . When the Morosow company was on strike in 1885 and legal proceedings followed, Timofei Morosow retired from the management of his dacha Mishor in the Crimea near Yalta and left the regulation of his affairs to his wife, who had opposed the intended sale and took over the management . In his will, Morosow designated his heir in 1888.

In their happy marriage, Marija Morosowa had 10 children, of which 4 daughters and the last-born sons Sawwa and Sergei reached adulthood. Her favorite was Sergei, while the more difficult Sawwa was her assistant in business matters. In 1876 their daughter Alewtina (1850–1876) died of suicide when she became the wife of the doctor of medicine Vasily Felixowitsch Strimon. When Morosowa's daughter Anna (1849–1924), who had married the historian Gennady Fyodorowitsch Karpow in 1869 and had 10 children, had survived her serious illness in 1881, her parents had a clinic built on Dewitschje Pole as a reminder. Morosowa disapproved of the marriage of a divorced woman in 1888 to her son Sawwa. In 1889 her husband died in the Crimea. She took on the role of head of the family and continued to look after the children and their families.

After Morozov's death, the shareholders' meeting in 1889 appointed Marija Morosowa as managing director of Nikolskaja Manufaktura. In 1889 Morosowa acquired the mansion with a large garden (Morosow Garden) in Moscow on Bolshoi Trjochswjatitelski Pereulok 1 from the late old believing entrepreneur and patron Vasily Alexandrowitsch Kokorew . At the house there was a prayer house of the Russian Orthodox Old Ritualist Church dedicated to Nicholas of Myra . Relatives and friends were received in the house every Tuesday. Also were balls and dances organized for the young people. The older Morosows were interested in theater .

In 1890 Morosova appointed her son Sawwa, her son-in-law AA Nazarow and the accountant IA Kolesnikow as directors of the company, to whom she entrusted the administrative work. Under her leadership, the textile company's capital grew from 6 to 30 million rubles , so that in 1903 the Ministry of Finance counted Nikolskaya Manufaktura among the most profitable companies. When the workers went on strike in February during the 1905 revolution , Morosowa's son Sawwa Morosow called on the board of directors to respond to their demands. However, his mother refused to chair the board and released him from the board in March.

Morosowa was very active in the community and donated generously. First and foremost was the support of the old-believing Rogozhskoye community and the Russian Orthodox Mission Society, of which she was a member. Together with a relative, she provided the funds for the construction of the Church of the Protection of the Virgin Mary and a bell tower on the Rogozhskoye cemetery . They financed the construction of a home for the sisters of the Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fyodorovna founded Martha-Maria- Stauropegion - Convention , a poorhouse with homeless shelter and church (1901) and the St. Nicholas Church of the elementary school in Zuyevo . She also sponsored medical facilities. In particular, she looked after the Zemstvo hospital in Koreis near Yalta and also sick people there. She made generous donations to the Staro-Ekaterinskaya Hospital in Moscow and in 1900 sponsored the construction of a building for the mentally ill.

In 1884 Morosowa had donated two scholarships for the 4th Moscow High School, which her two sons had graduated from. In the following years she gave ample money for scholarships for the education of individuals and bought books for schools. She paid special attention to the Moscow Technical School , of which she had become an honorary member in 1894. It financed the establishment of a laboratory for fiber technology . She set up a foundation at the technical school to promote further training of Russian engineers abroad. She then made the Society for the Improvement and Development of the Manufacturing Industry an honorary member. She was a member of the committee for the construction of a student residence for Emperor Nikolaus II. Despite her Old Beliefs, she supported talented girls who wanted to become actresses , musicians or teachers . It also enabled students to study at the Moscow Technical School, Moscow University and the Stragonov School.

According to Morosova's last will, on the day of her funeral, the more than 26,000 workers in her factories received an extra daily wage with a memorial meal of 1,000 each in the two free Moscow dining houses .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Предпринимательница Мария Морозова - гений прибыли ( Memento of the original from March 20, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on January 2, 2019). 
2. ↑ Энциклопедия Российского купечества: МОРОЗОВА Мария Федоровна (accessed January 2, 2019).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Большая российская энциклопедия: МОРО́ЗОВЫ (accessed January 2, 2019).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Федорец А. И .: Савва Морозов . Молодая гвардия, Moscow 2013, ISBN 978-5-235-03627-7 .
5. ↑ Лебедев М. А .: К историко-экономической характеристике бывшей Никольской мануфактуры . In: Историко-краеведческий сборник . Moscow 1959, p. 15 .
6. ↑ Поткина И. В .: На Олимпе делового успеха: Никольская мануфактура Морозовых. 1797-1917 . Moscow 2004, p. 117 .
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Поткина И. В .: На Олимпе делового успеха . S. 129 .
8. ↑ Боханов А. Н .: Социальный парадокс (Савва Морозов) . In: Коллекционеры и меценаты в России . Moscow 1989, p. 90 .
9. ↑ Петров Ю. А .: Московская буржуазия в начале XX в .: предпринимательство и политика . Moscow 2002, p. 380-381 .
10. ↑ Краткий исторический очерк 25-летней деятельности Общества вспомоществования нуждающимся студентам Императорского Московского технического училища . In: Вестник мануфактурной промышленности . tape 8 , no. 20 , 1910, pp. 1033 .
11. ↑ Galina Ulianova: Female Entrepreneurs in Nineteenth-Century Russia . Pickering & Chatto, London 2009, pp. 145-151 .