Kosma Terentjewitsch Soldatjonkov

Kosma Terentjewitsch Soldatjonkow ( AH Horawski , 1857, Tretyakov Gallery)

Kosma Terentievich Soldatjonkow ( Russian Козьма Терентьевич Солдатёнков ; born October 10 ^{. Jul} / 22. October  1818 ^greg. In Moscow , † May 19th ^{. Jul} / 1. June  1901 ^{. Greg} in Kuntsevo, Rajon Odintsovo ) was a Russian entrepreneur , patron and editor .

Life

Soldatjonkow came from an Old Believer merchant family . His grandfather Yegor Wassiljewitsch Soldatjonkow set up a silk production facility in Pavlovsky Posad in 1774 , in which he himself worked with his sons Terenti and Konstantin. The sons soon moved to Moscow and became the owners of a weaving mill in which around 100 workers produced silk fabrics. They also traded in cotton .

Soldatjonkov received no systematic training, but showed exceptional skills at an early age. He was an important textile manufacturer and became known as a patron of the arts . Since the end of the 1840s he collected paintings mainly by Russian artists ( Karl Pawlowitsch Brjullow , Alexander Andrejewitsch Ivanov , Wassili Grigoryevich Perow , Pawel Andrejewitsch Fedotow and others). The art scholar and brother Vasily Petrovich Botkins Mikhail Petrovich Botkin and the painter Alexander Andreevich Ivanov helped him in the selection . Because of his generous patronage, Soldatjonkow was known as Cosma Medici .

After the death of his older brother Ivan in 1852, Soldatjonkow began running the family business. He was involved in founding the most important Russian textile company, Krenholm-Manufaktur, in Narva , of which he became a board member in 1857, as well as in founding the Moscow discount bank , of which he became a member of the supervisory board in 1869. In 1870 he was the founder and one of the first shareholders of the St. Petersburg Volga - Kama -Handelsbank. In 1871 and 1873 he was involved in further company foundings. He was also a shareholder in the manufacture of Sawwa Timofejewitsch Morozov .

On the initiative of Nikolai Christoforowitsch Ketscher and Nikolai Michailowitsch Shchepkins (son Mikhail Semjonowitsch Shchepkins) Soldatjonkow founded his own non-profit publishing house for the publication of important books in 1856 and opened a book magazine in 1857. Soldatjonkow published, for example, the works of Vissarion Grigorjewitsch Belinsky and Konstantin Dmitrijewitsch Kawelin , Alexander Nikolajewitsch Afanassjew's Russian folk tales (1855–1873), Georg Weber's general world history with special consideration of the intellectual and cultural life of the peoples and with the use of recent historical research for the educated stands edited in the translation by Nikolai Gawrilowitsch Tschernyschewski , Jewgeni Fjodorowitsch Korsch and others (1886-1893), the translation of the three-volume German book on the everyday life of peoples in ancient times by Hermann Weiss (1873-1879), the American Republic by James Bryce (3 volumes, 1889–1890) and works by Edward Gibbon , John Richard Green , Johann Gustav Droysen , Nikolai Iwanowitsch Sieber , Moriz Carrière , Hermann Lotze , Thomas Robert Malthus ( An essay on the principle of population as it affects the future improvement of society, with remarks or similar n the speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and other writers ), Theodor Mommsen ( Roman history ), George Ticknor , Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg , Edward Freeman and Karl Schmidt . From 1895, Mitrofan Pawlowitsch Shtschepkins edited the library of economists with works by Adam Smith , David Ricardo , James Mill and David Hume (11 editions).

Soldatjonkov's dacha Kunzewo (1910)

In 1857 Soldatjonkow had acquired the Dokuchayev city courtyard in Moscow's Mjasnitskaya Ulitsa, where he could house his large collection and library . The courtyard was rebuilt in 1819–1821 after the fire in Moscow (1812) based on a project by Afanassi Grigoryevich Grigoryev and Joseph Bové . In the 1850s, the building was modernized by the architect Alexander Ivanovich Resanov . Soldatjonkow had the wing structures extended, a vestibule built in the main house and the portico equipped with Ionic columns. The court was administered by Soldatjonkows son Ivan Ilyich Baryschew from the civil marriage with Clémence Karlowna Deboui (Dupont, 1822-1908). Icons from the Stroganov Icon School hung in the house chapel . The precious icon was Andrei Rublev Redeemer , the Soldatjonkow in Sawwino-Storoschewski- monastery in Zvenigorod had acquired and now in the Tretyakov Gallery is located. In 1862 Soldatjonkow bought a plot of land on Moscow's Swertschkow Pereulok, on which he had a one-story villa built for his wife Clémence Karlowna. When the Kunzewo estate was divided up by the Naryschkins in 1865, Soldatjonkow acquired the farm in what is now Filjowski Park , where he had a new dacha built for himself in 1874 with pilasters and a long frieze . Outside the house were Juno - statue , a Jupiter statue and a marble obelisk erected. Soldatjonkow celebrated big parties here, gave concerts and had fireworks performed . He also opened a school there for the children of the farmers. The dacha was a wooden building that burned down in 1974, was rebuilt in its original shape with bricks in 1976 and was damaged again by fire in 2014.

Soldatjonkov took an active part in the life of Moscow's Belaja Kriniza community ( Russian Orthodox Old Ritualist Church ). He financed a trip to the Old Believer Bishop Pafnuti Obchinnikow of Kolomna in London and organized meetings with Nikolai Platonowitsch Ogarjow , Alexander Ivanovich Hearts and Vasily Ivanovich Kelsiev . Soldatjonkov approached the Jedinowerzy , as the chairman of the Jedinowerzy-Nikolski parish in the Rogozhskoye cemetery of the Old Believers VA Sapjolkin reported to Metropolitan Philaret Drozdov . A poor house was built in the Rogozhskoye suburb at Soldatjonkov's expense. In 1881 the government allowed the erection of a supporting altar in the Pokrov Cathedral in the Rosgoschskoye Cemetery. When that did not happen, Soldatjonkov suggested a mobile church, which he ordered in France . After two years it was put up in his house.

Soldatjonkow was a member of the Commercial Court (1854-1858) and a member and elder of the Moscow Stock Exchange Committee (1855-1858). During the Crimean War he was a member of the committee for the collection of funds from the merchant class for the military. He was a voting member of the Moscow city duma (1863-1876) and a member of the Board of Trustees of the Art and Industry Museum (since 1865). He was an actual member of the Society of Friends of Business Studies at the Academy of Business Studies, a councilor of the Basmannaya Hospital Charity Society, a board member of the Guerrier Higher Courses for Women, and an honorary member of the Society for Assistance to Students in Need . In 1866 he founded the Soldatjonkow poor house for 100 Moscow residents of all classes and denominations with preference for former court servants, for which he had a two-story brick building built and donated 15,000 rubles with annual supplementation of the financial means. In 1894 he handed over to Ivan Vladimirovich Zwetajew , who was putting together a collection of plaster casts of sculptures for the future Museum of Fine Arts , 2400 rubles for plaster casts from the Munich Glyptothek .

Soldatjonkov was buried in the Rogozhskoye cemetery of the Old Believers. The family business was continued by Soldatjonkows nephew Vasily Ivanovich Soldatjonkow (1847-1910). According to Soldatjonkov's will , his library with 8,000 books and 15,000 magazines and his art collection with 258 paintings and 17 sculptures were given to the Rumyantsev Museum , after its closure in 1924 these holdings were divided between the Tretyakov Gallery and the Russian Museum . Soldatjonkov bequeathed some of his icons to the Pokrov Cathedral in the Rogozhskoye Cemetery. The Soldatjonkow Trade School was built from his estate (1909 based on a project by Vladimir Vladimirovich Sherwood ) and the Soldatjonkow Municipal Hospital for the Poor (until 1920, then Botkin Hospital ). The mobile church of Soldatjonkows was given to Vasily Ivanovich Soldatjonkow to the mother of the patron Sergei Timofejewitsch Morozov Marija Fjodorovna Morozova .

During the Soviet period, Soldatjonkov's grave was destroyed with the graves of the Old Believers.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Ситнов В .: Династия Солдатенковых из Прокунина (accessed November 13, 2018).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Меценаты Москвы: Солдатенков Козьма Терентьевич (accessed November 13, 2018).
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Солдатенков (Козьма Терентьевич, род. В 1818 г.) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . XXXa, no. 1900 , p. 749 ( Wikisource [accessed November 14, 2018]).
4. ↑ Чижова И. Б .: А кто это такой - Солдатёнков? In: Русский Дом . No. 5 , 2011.
5. ↑ Высочайше утвержденный устав Волжско-Камского коммерческого банка . In: Полное собрание законов Российской империи. Собрание второе . Типография II отделения Собственной Его Императорского Величества канцелярии, St. Petersburg 1874, p. 190–200 ( nlr.ru [accessed November 13, 2018]).
6. ↑ Мясницкая, 37. Усадьба Солдатёнкова (accessed November 14, 2018).
7. ↑ ^{a b} Россия в красках. Солдатенков (accessed November 13, 2018).
8. ↑ Усадьба Нарышкиных (accessed November 14, 2018).
9. ↑ Покровский кафедральный собор. Рогожский Посёлок улица, 29 (accessed November 14, 2018).
10. ↑ Рогожский некрополь (accessed November 13, 2018).