Konstantin Dmitrijewitsch Kawelin

Konstantin Dmitrijewitsch Kawelin

Konstantin Dmitrievich Kawelin ( Russian Константин Дмитриевич Кавелин ; born November 4 ^{. Jul} / 16th November  1818 ^greg. In Saint Petersburg , † May 3 ^jul. / 15. May  1885 ^greg. ) Was a Russian lawyer and university lecturer .

Life

Kawelin's father, Dmitri Alexandrovich Kawelin, was director of the Main Pedagogical Institute and then founding director of the University of St. Petersburg , which emerged from the Main Pedagogical Institute in 1819. He was a friend of Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky , Alexander Ivanovich Turgenev and Sergei Semjonowitsch Uvarow and a member of the literary society of Arsamas . Kawelin's mother Charlotte Ivanovna Belli was the daughter of a court architect . Kawelin was the fifth of seven children.

Kawelin received a home education. The orientalist Kaetan Andrejewitsch Kossowitsch and the writer Vissarion Grigorjewitsch Belinsky prepared him for university studies from 1833 to 1834 . In 1835 Kawelin began studying at the University of Moscow (MGU) in the historical - philological department of the philosophical faculty , only to switch to the law faculty in November . There he attended the lectures Nikita Ivanovich Krylov ( Roman Law ) and Petro Redkins ( Encyclopedic Law ) at his own expense . He made friends with the brothers Ivan and Pyotr Vasilyevich Kireevsky . Later he approached the Slavophiles Alexei Stepanowitsch Chomjakow , Konstantin Sergejewitsch Aksakow and Yuri Fyodorowitsch Samarin . In May 1839 Kawelin graduated as a candidate for law with a gold medal.

Kawelin now joined the Westerners and approached Timofei Nikolajewitsch Granowski . In accordance with the wishes of his parents, Kawelin entered the civil service in 1842 and worked in the St. Petersburg Ministry of Justice as an assistant to the chief officer. During this time he belonged to the circle around Vissarion Grigorjewitsch Belinski and worked with Nikolai Alexejewitsch Nekrasow , Iwan Iwanowitsch Panajew and Iwan Sergejewitsch Turgenew .

In 1843 Kawelin returned to Moscow , obtained his parents' consent to leave the civil service and devoted himself to science. In February 1844, after defending his dissertation on the cornerstones of the beginning of the judiciary and the code of civil procedure in the time of the transition from the order to the offices in the governorates , he received his doctorate to become a master of civil law . In May 1844 he was hired by the MGU to teach the 1st course at the Chair of the History of Russian Legislation at the Faculty of Law, headed by Fyodor Lukitsch Moroschkin . In 1846 he was appointed adjunct . Konstantin Nikolajewitsch Bestuschew-Ryumin saw the older students greet Kawelin with applause in the lectures. He initiated Sunday talks with the students, in which Alexander Nikolayevich Jegunow , Alexander Nikolayevich Afanassjew and Boris Nikolayevich Chicherin also took part. During this time, Kawelin joined the circle around Alexander Ivanovich hearts . Kawelin became known through a series of essays on Russian history and the history of Russian law in the Otetschestvennye Sapiski and the Sovremennik .

In 1845 Kawelin married Antonina Fyodorovna Korsch, sister of the writers Yevgeny Fyodorowitsch Korsch and Valentin Fyodorowitsch Korsch . They had their son Dmitri (1847–1861) and their daughter Sofja , who became a teacher and married the painter Pavel Alexandrowitsch Brjullow .

From 1847–1848 Kawelin also taught law at the Alexander Orphan Institute . In the summer of 1848 Kawelin, Yevgeny Fyodorowitsch Korsch and Petro Redkin had to leave the MGU because of a conflict with Nikita Ivanovich Krylov, who accused them of corruption and immoral behavior. From 1848 to 1857 he worked in various positions in St. Petersburg. In 1855 he wrote a memorandum on the liberation of the peasants , which Alexander Herzen in 1857 partly in his Golossa is Rossiji and Nikolay Chernyshevsky in 1858 in Sovremennik published.

In 1857 Kawelin was appointed to the chair of civil law at the University of St. Petersburg. At the same time, Grand Duchess Helena Pavlovna instructed him to teach her son and heir to the throne Nikolai Alexandrovich in Russian history and civil law. This assignment ended in April 1858 after the publication of his memorandum on the liberation of the peasants, which aroused the anger of Alexander II . In 1859, Kawelin had to go abroad to treat his health problems. In the same year Kosma Terentjewitsch Soldatjonkow and N. Schepkin published Kawelin's works in four volumes.

In 1861, after unrest at the University of St. Petersburg, Kawelin had to leave the university together with Alexander Nikolajewitsch Pypin , Michail Matwejewitsch Stassjulewitsch , Włodzimierz Spasowicz and Boris Issaakowitsch Utin. His hope of a professorship at the new Imperial New Russian University in Odessa was not fulfilled. On behalf of Alexander Vasilyevich Golownin , Kawelin studied the system of higher education in France , Switzerland and Germany . From 1864 he worked as a legal advisor in the Ministry of Finance.

From the end of the 1850s, Kawelin had approached the Slavophiles again. In 1866 he submitted his memorandum on nihilism and necessary countermeasures to Alexander II . He stood up against materialism in psychology and ethics . He now considered the views of Westerners and Slavophiles to be anachronistic and advocated an unbiased view of real Russian life, past and present.

Kawelin devoted himself on his estate in Ivanovo Ujesd Belyov of Agriculture . In 1873 he introduced the nine-field economy . Other innovations were a large cattle yard, bone fertilizer , forage cultivation , grass mowing machines , hay tedders and horse rakes .

In 1878 Kawelin received the chair for civil law at the St. Petersburg Military Law Academy . 1882-1884 he was president of the Free Economic Society .

Kawelin died of pneumonia . Important representatives of culture and science and the students of the Military Law Academy came to his funeral at the literary bridges in St. Petersburg's Volkovo Cemetery . A wreath of the officers of the Military Law Academy bore the inscription The Teacher of Law and Truth .

In 1900, under the editorship of Leonid Zinovievich Slonimskis and Dmitri Alexandrowitsch Korssakows (Kawelin's nephew) Kawelin's complete works were published.

There is a suspicion that Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy chose Anna Karenina Kawelin as the archetype for Stiwa Oblonsky in his novel .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Korssakow DA: Кавелин, Константин Дмитриевич . In: Русский биографический словарь А. А. Половцова . tape 8 , 1897, p. 358-373 ( Wikisource [accessed November 12, 2018]).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Djakonow MA : Кавелин (Константин Дмитриевич, 4 ноября 1818  г. – 3 мая 1885  г.) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . XIIIa, 1894, p. 803-809 ( Wikisource [accessed November 12, 2018]).
3. ↑ КАВЕЛИН, Константин Дмитриевич . In: Военная энциклопедия (Сытин, 1911–1915) . tape 11 , 1913, pp. 217 ( Wikisource [accessed November 12, 2018]).
4. ↑ Константин Кавелин: забытый мыслитель и правовед . In: Moskowskije Vedomosti . November 14, 2014 ( mosvedi.ru [accessed November 12, 2018]).
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} MGU: Кавелин Константин Дмитриевич (accessed November 12, 2018).
6. ↑ Panayev II: Воспоминания о Белинском (Отрывки) . In: литературных воспоминаний . Художественная литература, Ленинградское отделение, Leningrad 1969 ( lib.ru [accessed November 12, 2018]).
7. ↑ Мелентьев Ф.И .: Воспитание и образование наследника престола в проектах В.П. Титова 1856–1858 гг. In: Вестник Университета Дмитрия Пожарского . tape 5 , no. 1 , 2017, p. 41–43 ( academia.edu [accessed November 12, 2018]).
8. ↑ ^{a b} Корсаков Д. А .: К. Д. Кавелин. Материалы для биографии. Из семейной переписки и воспоминаний . In: Вестник Европы . No. 11 , 1886, p. 189 .