Boris Nikolayevich Chicherin

Boris Nikolayevich Chicherin ( WO Sherwood , 1873)

Boris Nikolayevich Chicherin ( Russian Борис Николаевич Чичерин ; born May 26, ^jul. / 7. June  1828 ^greg. In Tambov , † February 3 ^jul. / 16th February  1904 ^greg. In the estate watchtower, Ujesd Kirsanof ) was a Russian lawyer , Constitutional lawyer and university professor .

Life

Tschitscherin was the eldest son of the noble Porutschik Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Tschitscherin (1801-1860) and his wife Ekaterina Borissovna, born Chwoschtschinska (1809-1876), daughter of a Tambower landlord . Boris Tschitscherin had 6 brothers and a sister. which was the youngest. Tschitscherin grew up on the Karaul country estate, which his father bought in 1837. He received his first education at home, with Konstantin Nikolajewitsch Bestuschew-Ryumin also among the students. In 1845 Chicherin began studying at the Law Faculty of Moscow University . His teachers included Sergei Mikhailovich Solovyov , Konstantin Dmitrijewitsch Kawelin, and in particular Timofei Nikolajewitsch Granowski , who was a friend of his father and the writer Nikolai Filippowitsch Pavlov and who greatly influenced Chicherin's thinking. After a brief enthusiasm for the Slavophiles , Chicherin approached Westerners . He got to know Pawel Wassiljewitsch Annenkow , Alexander Iwanowitsch Herzen and Iwan Sergejewitsch Turgenew . He studied the works of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and took up the ideas of French political thinkers. After graduating from university in 1849, he lived in Karaul again.

In 1853 he submitted his master’s dissertation on the oblast structure of Russia in the 17th century, but it was not accepted because it presented the old Russian administration in a wrong light. The dissertation was not accepted until 1857, after some weakening by the censorship . In 1857 he met Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy , which resulted in a long relationship. From 1858 to 1861 he traveled in Europe and studied the political situation. In London in 1858 he met Herz, who published Chicherin's essay on the contemporary problems of Russian life.

In 1861 Tschitscherin became an associate professor at the Moscow University at the chair of constitutional law. Even in his early years, Chicherin was considered a conservative . He was a strong advocate of the reforms of Alexander II. Alexander II invited him to become a teacher of the heir to the throne , so that from 1863 onwards Chicherin gave Nikolai Alexandrovich lessons in constitutional law until his death in 1865. When he accompanied the crown prince on his last journey, learned Tschitscherin 1865 in Rome the Podpolkownik the 124th Voronezh - infantry regiment know whose daughter he married 1871st

In 1866 Tschitscherin received his doctorate in law . In his fundamental dissertation on popular representation, which was reissued in 1899, he dealt with the development of parliamentarism in European nations. However, he did not consider parliamentarism to be applicable in what was then Russia. In the re-election of the dean of the Law Faculty of Moscow University Vasily Nikolayevich Leschkow , Chicherin took part in the so-called professors' revolt of Professors FM Dmitrijew , MN Kapustin , SM Solovyov , SA Ratschinsky and other liberal professors of Moscow University against the re-election of the dean and the interference of the Ministry of Popular Education in this university matter. As a result, Chicherin and other professors left the university in protest.

End of 1871 Chicherin was in the Board of Directors of Tambow- Saratov - Railway chosen. After a trip to Paris , he settled in his home town of Karaul. He took care of agriculture and was vice-chairman of the Commission for the Study of Railways in Russia. He published works on the history of political science (1869–1872) and on science and religion (1879). In Moscow he stayed only visit as. In early 1882 he was elected mayor of Moscow to replace the earlier dismissed entrepreneur Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov . He improved the urban economy and the water supply. On the occasion of the coronation of Alexander III. In May 1883, Chicherin spoke at the celebratory dinner of the city leaders about the unification of all forces in the country for the good of the fatherland and the need for the government to work together with local forces. The speech was interpreted as a call for a constitution and led to Chicherin's dismissal. In September 1883, the Moscow city duma elected him an honorary citizen of Moscow for his work as Moscow city head for the benefit of Moscow city society. He returned to Karaul and returned to his scientific work. He wrote about philosophy , but also about chemistry and biology , so that Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev recommended him as an honorary member of the Russian Society for Physical Chemistry . In addition, he participated in the work of the Tambower Zemstvo . 1888-1894 he worked on his memoirs, a significant part of which was dedicated to the city of Moscow and Moscow University in the 1840s. In 1893 he became an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and in 1900 an honorary member of the Moscow University.

A nephew of Chicherin was the later People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Georgi Vasilyevich Chicherin . Another nephew was the entomologist Tikhon Sergejewitsch Tschitscherin .

Web links

Commons : The Tschitscherin family  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Летопись Московского университета: Чичерин Борис Николаевич (accessed December 12, 2017).
2. ↑ ^{a b} E. L. Radlow : Чичерин (Борис Николаевич) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . XXXVIIIa, 1903, pp. 887–901 ( ЭСБЕ / Чичерин, Борис Николаевич [accessed December 12, 2017]).
3. ↑ Hamburg, GM: Boris Chicherin and Early Russian Liberalism, 1828–1866 . Stanford Univ. Press, 1992, ISBN 0-8047-2053-3 .
4. ↑ Grujič, PM: Čičerin, Plechanow and Lenin . Munich 1985.
5. ↑ ^{a b} Городнова Л. Е .: Родное гнездо .
6. ↑ Chicherin, Boris N .: Vospominaniia. Moskva sorokobykh godov; Puteshestvie za granitsu; Moskovskii University; Zemstvo i Moskovskaia Duma . Oriental Research Partners, Newtonville, MA 1973, ISBN 0-89250-012-3 .