Vladimir Ivanovich Guerrier

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Vladimir Ivanovich Guerrier ( Nikolai Petrowitsch Bogdanow-Belski , 1890s)

Vladimir Ivanovich Guerrier ( Russian Владимир Иванович Герье ; born May 29 . Jul / 10. June  1837 greg. In Chowrino in Moscow , † the 30th June 1919 in Moscow) was a Russian historian , journalist and university professor .

Life

Guerrier's ancestors immigrated from Hamburg at the end of the 18th century . His father Iwan Franzisk Cornelius Guerrier was a trained mechanic and worked as an estate manager. His uncle Jean François Guerrier came to Russia during the reign of Catherine II to work as a mill builder . Guerrier lost his parents early and was raised by his relatives. He received his education in the Peter and Paul School for boys at the Lutheran St. Peter and Paul Cathedral in Moscow and then in the boarding school of the Alsatian pastor L. Ennes. In 1854 he began his studies at the historically- philological faculty of Moscow University (MGU) . With his teacher PN Kudryavtsev he met TN Granovsky . In the second course he received his first gold medal for his work on the Bylina collector Kirscha Danilow . Soon he received his second gold medal for his work on a topic posed by PM Leontiev . In the third course, he chose history and listened to SM Solovyov's lectures. After two more gold medals, he was sure of a candidate doctorate . After completing his studies in 1858, he stayed at MGU to prepare for the master's degree. During this time he taught literature and history at the 1st Moscow Cadet School . In 1862 he defended his master’s dissertation on the struggle for the Polish throne in 1733 . He was then sent abroad to study in Germany, Italy and Paris . He was particularly impressed by Rudolf Köpke's seminar at the Prussian War Academy in Berlin .

In 1864 Guerrier became a private lecturer at the chair of general history at the MGU. His specialty course in historiography was published as a book. He wrote a work on the history of philosophy from Augustine to Hegel , in which he rejected the theories of Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer . After the death of the chair holder SW Jeschewski , Guerrier took over the chairmanship. In the summer of 1866 he went to Wolfenbüttel to study the Leibniz estate in the Herzog August Library . In 1868, Guerrier defended his dissertation on Leibniz and his time, with which he was awarded a doctorate in general history . However, the election as professor did not immediately follow. In the same year he married NW Stankewitsch's niece Evdokia Ivanovna Tokarewa, who had become his student in 1860 and with whom he had three daughters. In the autumn of 1870 Guerrier was appointed associate professor at the GMU. His lecture focuses included the history of the Reformation , the importance of Catholicism in European history, the idea of theocracy and the history of the French Revolution . Central aspects were equality , humanism and cosmopolitanism . He characterized the French Revolution only as a form of changing the organization of society. He saw alternative forms of organization in Austria , Portugal and Spain .

During this time Guerrier took exams from women who had graduated from the girls' high school and wanted to become tutors. Increasingly, he was concerned with the problem of women's education, especially since the university statute of 1863 banned women from attending lectures at universities. In 1868, on the initiative of the feminists Yevgenia Konradi , Anna Filosofova , Marija Trubnikova and Nadezhda Stasova , the rector of St. Petersburg University was presented with a petition for the admission of women's studies at universities, which was signed by more than 400 women and supported by 43 professors. Guerrier aimed to prepare courses for university graduates for girls who have graduated from the Humboldt University in Berlin . In 1872 he drew up an experimental statute for higher courses for women, and on October 1, 1872, with the approval of the People's Education Minister Count DA Tolstoy, such courses ( Guerrier courses ) were opened in the building of the 1st Boys' High School on Wolchonka Street in Moscow. He led the courses initially until 1888. However, he refused to introduce seminars in the courses for women.

In 1874 Guerrier became a full professor. In 1893 he converted one of his special seminars into the Historical Society at Moscow University with him as chairman. To her belonged WO Kljutschewski , MS Solowjow , MS Korelin and Prince SN Trubezkoi . In Heinrich von Sybels Historischer Zeitschrift Guerrier published an article on MS Solowjow. Guerrier sponsored PG Winogradow , who defended his master's thesis in 1880. Other talented students were RJ Wipper , SA Kotlyarevsky , JN Shchepkin and PN Ardaschew . After NI Kareev , Guerrier attracted people to be into history. In 1889 Guerrier became an Honored Professor Emeritus of the GMU. At Kareev's invitation, Guerrier participated in the Brockhaus-Efron encyclopedia and wrote articles on Jan Hus , Montesquieu , Rousseau , Hippolyte Taine, and others.

Guerrier was always a supporter of the constitutional monarchy and was critical of student unrest. However, he then preferred admonishing to severe punitive measures. In December 1894 he stood up for the students who had been expelled from the university because of obstruction and persuaded Klyuchevsky to write a font for Emperor Alexander III. This led to a dispute between the conservative professors under the leadership of Rector PA Nekrasov and the liberal professors under the leadership of Guerrier.

In 1900 the Guerrier courses were resumed and Guerrier led them until 1905, when the director's position was newly advertised and Guerrier, who was currently abroad, was not re-elected. These courses developed into the 2nd Moscow State University . In 1902 Guerrier became a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences . On the fiftieth anniversary of his scientific and educational work, he received a letter of thanks from Emperor Nicholas II and the Order of St. Anne .

Guerrier was since 1876 a member of the Moscow city duma and 1892-1904 its chairman. He took on tasks in poor relief and organized the first workhouses in Russia. When in December 1904 the three members of the Moscow City Duma Guerrier, NA Naidjonow and IA Lebedev refused to sign a resolution demanding democratic freedoms, the students went on strike. In 1906 he became a member of the Octobrists . He actively supported the agricultural policy of the Interior Minister and Prime Minister PA Stolypin . He was involved in organizing the elections to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd State Duma . In 1911 he received the rank of secret council. When, under the new constitution of 1906, the Academy of Sciences had to send six members to the State Council , Guerrier was one of the nominees.

Guerrier was an honorary member of the Moscow University (1913), the Kharkov University , the University of Tartu , the University of Caen , a member of the Society of History and Russian Antiquities, the Psychological Society, the Society of Friends of Russian literature at Moscow University, the Moscow Archaeological Society and the Russian Historical Society in St. Petersburg .

Guerrier was buried in Moscow's Pyatnitskoye Cemetery in a row with TN Granovsky. His daughter Jelena Vladimirovna (1868–1943) became a teacher and translator.

Web links

Commons : Wladimir Iwanowitsch Guerrier  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vladimir Ivanovič Ger'e (1837-1919) . Bibliothèque nationale de France ; Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  2. ↑ Article Guerrier Vladimir Ivanovich in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D037448~2a%3DGuerrier%20Wladimir%20Iwanowitsch~2b%3DGuerrier%20Wladimir%20Iwanowitsch
  3. ↑ a b c d e Цыганков Д. А .: В. И. Герье и Московский университет его эпохи . ПСТГУ, Moscow 2008, ISBN 978-5-7429-0347-5 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Кащеев В. In: В. Карев (Ed.): Немцы России . ЭРН, Moscow 2004, ISBN 5-93227-002-0 .
  5. ^ A b Georges Dulac, S. Karp, Roland Mortier: Les Archives de l'Est et la France des Lumières: Guide des archives . 2007, p. 169-170 .
  6. ↑ История и историки . In: Наука . 1990, p. 416 .
  7. ↑ Герье В. И .: Автобиография .
  8. ↑ Woldemar Guerrier: Leibniz in his relations with Russia and Peter the Great: a historical representation of this relationship together with the related letters and memoranda . St. Petersburg, Leipzig 1873.
  9. ↑ a b c d Погодин С. Н .: Владимир Иванович Герье как историк и методолог (accessed May 29, 2017) . In: Вопросы истории . No. 10 , 2004, p. 151-162 .
  10. ^ MW Guerrier: L'Abbé de Mably, Moraliste et Politique - Étude sur la doctrine morale du Jacobinisme puritain et sur la développement de l'esprit républicain au XVIIIe siècle . E. Vieweg, Paris 1886.
  11. ↑ Владимир Иванович Герье и Московские Высшие женские курсы: мемуары и документы . Изд-во МПГУ, Moscow 1997, p. 3 .
  12. ↑ Alexander Vucinich: Science in Russian culture . 1963, p. 53 .
  13. ^ Richard Stites: The women's liberation movement in Russia . 1978, p. 81 .
  14. ↑ Nicholas Valentine Riasanovsky: A History of Russia . Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 438 .
  15. ↑ Кареев Н. И .: Памяти двух историков . S. 160 .
  16. ↑ Harley D. Balzer: Russia's missing middle class: the professions in Russian history . 1996, p. 216 .
personal data
SURNAME Guerrier, Vladimir Ivanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Герье, Владимир Иванович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian historian, publicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 10, 1837
PLACE OF BIRTH Khovrino near Moscow
DATE OF DEATH June 30, 1919
Place of death Moscow