Marshal of Italy

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The rank of Marshal of Italy ( Italian: Maresciallo d'Italia ) was the highest military rank in the army in Fascist Italy . In the Air Force there was also the equal Maresciallo dell'Aria ( Air Marshal ), in the Navy the Grande Ammiraglio ( Grand Admiral ).

history

The rank of Marshal of Italy was introduced by Benito Mussolini in 1924 to honor Generals Luigi Cadorna and Armando Diaz , who led the army as chiefs of staff during the First World War . Paolo Thaon di Revel , Commander of the Navy in World War I, was promoted to Grand Admiral at the same time .

In 1926, some commanders-in-chief of individual armies were also given the rank of marshal for their services in the First World War . Also Pietro Badoglio , the essential as deputy chief of staff in 1918 share of the army leadership had been appointed marshal. Further promotions took place in 1935 and 1936 on the occasion of the submission of Ethiopia and during World War II .

A total of 13 army generals were appointed marshals during fascism. There was only one Grand Admiral and only one Air Marshal. From 1938 Mussolini and King Viktor Emanuel III. the rank of Primo Maresciallo dell'Impero (" First Reichsmarschall "). This stood above the Marshal of Italy and his equivalents. These ranks were officially abolished in 1947.

list

The appointment dates are in brackets.
First World War:

Ethiopian War:

Second World War:

Grand Admiral:

Air Marshal:

badge

  • Marshal of Italy

  • Marshal of Italy (1945–1947)

  • Marshal of Italy
    (field cap)

  • Grand Admiral

  • Air marshal

  • First Reichsmarschall

During fascism, the stars were generally abolished in the rank badges of army officers in favor of stripes, thus aligning the badges of the army with those of the navy and the air force. The rank badge of the Marshal of Italy showed four stripes, on the field caps and boats , however, four stars could be seen. Although there were four general ranks below the marshal, the corresponding badge did not have five stripes or stars. The reason for this is that at that time the badge from Brigadier General to Army General differed in the progression of the Lieutenant General . The Lieutenant General ( Generale di Corpo d'Armata ), now three stars, only had two stripes or stars and a crown, while the Army General ( Generale d'Armata ) standing above had three stripes or stars. The same applied to the equivalent badges for the Navy and Air Force.

Others

The Maresciallo d'Italia is not to be confused with the Maresciallo rank group . The Maresciallo (without d'Italia , five levels) was and is a sergeant with portepee in Italy .

See also

Web links