Emanuel Philibert of Savoy-Aosta
Emanuel Philibert of Savoy-Aosta ( Italian : birth name Emanuele Filiberto Vittorio Eugenio Alberto Genova Giuseppe Maria di Savoia ; born January 13, 1869 in Genoa , † July 4, 1931 in Turin ), 2nd Duke of Aosta and Italian general, was the son of King Amadeus I of Spain and cousin of King Victor Emanuel III. from Italy . During the First World War , after the defeat of the Italians in the Battle of Good Freit, he maintained the Italian front on the Piave River and later occupied parts of Friuli .
Life
Emanuel Philibert was born on January 13, 1869 in Genoa as the eldest son of the future King Amadeus I of Spain (1845–1890) and Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo (1846–1876). He was a cousin of King Victor Emmanuel III. of Italy and member of the Italian Royal House of Savoy . Emanuel Philibert became the 2nd Duke of Aosta after the death of his father in 1890 . He began his military career in the Italian army and in 1905 was called to Naples as commander.
When Italy on May 23, 1915 Austria-Hungary declared war and thus on the side of the Entente in the First World War came, Emmanuel Philibert was appointed general of the 3rd Italian Army and fought under commander Luigi Cadorna in the Isonzo battles (1915 -1917). The aim of the operation was to advance across the Isonzo River in the direction of Trieste and on to Ljubljana in order to enable strategic cooperation with the Russian and Serbian armies.
Emanuel Philibert made a significant contribution to the success of the 6th Isonzo Battle (August 4-15, 1916), one of the most successful battles for the Italians. a. Gorizia (Gorizia) was taken. In the offensives that followed, the Italians did not make any further breakthroughs. The 12th and last battle of the Isonzo in October 1917 ultimately led to the defeat of the Italians: In the Battle of Karfreit (Battaglia di Caporetto) the Austrian army, with German support, succeeded in throwing the Italian troops back as far as the Piave . However, the 3rd Army under Emanuel Philibert was able to rebuild the Italian front on the banks of the river and successfully defend it against Austrian attacks from November 1917 to June 1918. A further advance of Austria was thus prevented.
When Luigi Cadorna was deposed as chief of staff after the costly Battle of Goodfreit, it was expected that Emanuel Philibert would take over his post because of his military achievements. Victor Emmanuel III did not appoint his cousin as the new chief of staff, but rather the little-known Neapolitan general Armando Diaz , who had served under Emanuel Philibert. The king was afraid of losing his throne to the successful, charismatic and extremely popular duke of the Italian people and his branch Savoy-Aosta.
It was not until 1926 that Emanuel Philibert was honored for his work in the war under Mussolini's fascist regime and made " Marshal of Italy ". To commemorate the war events on the Piave, the municipality of Jesolo had a monumental bridge built, which was inaugurated by Emanuel Philibert on October 9, 1927.
Emanuel Philibert spent his last years in Turin , where he died on July 4th 1931 at the age of 62. His last will was to be buried next to the soldiers of the 3rd Army commanded by him. For this reason, his grave is located in the monumental cemetery of Redipuglia , a town north of the Isonzo estuary. This monument (Sacrario dei Caduti di Guerra) commemorates the more than 100,000 Italian soldiers who lost their lives in the First World War on the lower reaches of the Isonzo and on the karst plateau south of Gorizia and is Italy's largest memorial.
family
On June 25, 1895, Emanuel Philibert married in the London district of Kingston-on-Thames Hélène von Orléans (1871-1951), the daughter of Louis Philippe von Orléans (1838-1894). The couple had two sons:
- Amadeus of Savoy , 3rd Duke of Aosta, married to Anne Hélène Marie von Orléans (1906–1986), daughter of Jean von Orléans (1874–1940)
- Aimone of Spoleto , 4th Duke of Aosta and as Tomislav II. King of Croatia , married to Irene of Greece (1904–1974), daughter of King Constantine I of Greece (1868–1923)
See also
literature
- Gigi Speroni: I Savoia scomodi. La Saga degli Aosta (= Tascabili Bompiani 260). Bompiani, Milan 2003, ISBN 88-452-9231-2 (Italian).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pio IX e Vittorio Emanuele II ( Memento of the original from May 11, 2020 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Alfonso of Bourbon and Bourbon ( Alfonso XII ) |
Prince of Asturias 1871－1873 |
Isabella of Bourbon and Bourbon |
| Amadeus I. | Duke of Aosta 1890–1931 |
Amadeus |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Savoy-Aosta, Emanuel Philibert of |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Emanuele Filiberto Vittorio Eugenio Genova Giuseppe Maria di Savoia (Italian birth name); Emanuele Filiberto d'Aosta |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian general, 2nd Duke of Aosta |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 13, 1869 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Genoa |
| DATE OF DEATH | 4th July 1931 |
| Place of death | Turin |