Martin Steinpeiss

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Former residence of Martin Steinpeiss in the 16th century: Vienna 1, in the house (old) Fleischmarkt 17, today.

Martin Steinpeiss , also Martinus Stainpeiss , Martin Stainpeis, Martin Stainpeiss, Martini Steinpers , Martin Stainpaiß, (* before 1476; † July 14, 1527 in Vienna ), was an Austrian doctor in Vienna, professor of medicine and dean at the University of Vienna in the 16. Century.

Origin and family

Martin Stainpeis was the son of Martin Stainpeis of the same name. The father came from Carniola , one of the five historical regions of today's Slovenia , and was a school colleague of the later Catholic Bishop of Vienna, Georg von Slatkonia . Steinpeis was married to Margareth and lived in his property in Vienna , district 1, in the house (old) Fleischmarkt 17.

The coat of arms of Martinus Stainpeiss is depicted in his work Liber de modo studendi seu legendi in medicina (1521): It is depicted in an old German form, a rectangular tartsche with a deep cutout that appeared in the 14th and 15th centuries as a tournament shield , the spear rest, on the right side, and shows as heraldic heraldic figures "a [paw] cross , a stone bite [he] and underneath a [six-pointed, lowered] star ".

His grave is in the Jakobskapelle cemetery in Vienna.

Study and job

In 1476 he was enrolled at the Austrian University of Vienna and began studying medicine in 1484 for his scientific and practical training as a doctor . After studying until 1488, he received a bachelor's degree ( baccalaureus ) and then two years later in 1490 his academic Licentia docendi (permission to teach), his licentiate .

In the medical faculty, Martin Stainpeis was appointed head of the faculty eight times and was thus dean until 1510. He gained in-depth knowledge and high reputation, so that he was often appointed to places that were then authorized to dispense medical products and drugs, to pay a visit, visiting these pharmacies both in the city of Vienna and outside the community.

When Martin Stainpeis first in 1511 pen physician in the monastery of St. Jacob on the Hülben was, he founded a church there and had a chapel built.

Work and works

Liber de modo studendi seu legendi in medicina

In the medical faculty of the University of Vienna, since the university was founded in 1365, the dean, including Steinpeiss, was elected on April 14th and October 13th and brought together all the events of the faculty. Martin Steinpeiss documented the receipts and expenses of the faculty's cash register, the final accounts of his term of office, the student exams, the admission of doctorates at external universities and all problems with the House of Doctors and with the mayor and the city council of Vienna, but also the problems with the pharmacists and other people outside the university such as empiricists or quackery . Steinpeiss dealt particularly with the study of medicine, wrote and worked out recommendations for studies, dealt with the curriculum of medicine and tried to make the study easier for the students. The course of study and the training of medical professionals was shaped by Martinus Stainpeis, who, in addition to the subject matter in the statutes, which have remained unchanged since the foundation, had his unofficial study guide printed. The professor of the medical faculty reflected his work in his work Liber de modo studendi seu legendi in medicina (1521) in a time when the Middle Ages were in upheaval and science and its working methods were shaped by humanism . Medieval medicine was associated with Arabism. And so the work is based on the 5-volume canon of the Persian doctor Avicenna . In addition to the subjects of anatomy and physiology, there are descriptions of simple and compound medicines. It also explains certain diseases of the entire body as well as fever, plague , burns and poisoning. Stainpeis commented, offered lessons on health and, in the sense of casuistry, described symptoms of diseases that came from different medical professionals from the region of today's Italy.

Lapidarium omni voluptate refertum

Martin Steinpeiss was probably also the author of a second work, Lapidarium omni voluptate refertum: & medicine plurima notatu dignissima experimenta complectens (around 1500). Gennaro Gjannelli , a physicist by profession and a man of literature , according to his listing in the Biblioteca della Elo punce Italiana (v. 1753, p. 14), was in possession of this book, which was part of his large collection of medical books. According to the British Library as the national library of the United Kingdom, the work Lapidarium is (sometimes) attributed to Martin Steinpeiss. It consists of two parts, the first comprising 12 chapters and relating to effects and properties, whereas the second part lists and describes 117 stones in alphabetical order. Many of the stones described by Steinpeiss are precious stones . For most of the information from this work, Martin Steinpeis largely refers to quotations from well-known authors, including Albertus [Magnus, or Albert von Lauingen], the German scholar and bishop (around 1200 to 1280) who also worked on alchemy , as also [Johannes] Serapion ( Yūhannā Ibn Sarābiyūn ), an Arabic (Syriac-speaking) author of medical writings (around 873), as well as Pliny , Dyast , Evax and the Persian doctor Avicenna (around 980 to 1037 AD). In Steinpeissen's reception of Serapion, the general aspect to be considered is that the drug theory Aggregator , also Liber aggregatus in medicinis simplicibus , written by Ibn Wafid in the 11th century, was wrongly ascribed to Johannes Serapion for a long time.

literature

  • Felix Czeike (Ed.): Stainpeis, Martin. In:  Historisches Lexikon Wien . Volume 5, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-218-00547-7 , p. 310 ( digitized version , entry in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna).
  • Jakob Franck :  Winterburger, Johannes . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 43, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 476-480.
  • Harry Kühnel : Medieval medicine in Vienna . In: Studies on the history of the University of Vienna, Graz: Böhlau , 5, 1965, p. 84 f.
  • Charles Donald O'Malley (Ed.): The history of medical education. An international symposium held February 5-9, 1968 . Berkeley, University of California Press 1970 (UCLA forum in medical sciences, 12)
  • Christian Pawlik: Martin Stainpeis: Liber de modo studendi seu legendi in medicina. Editing and explanation of a study guide for physicians in the late Middle Ages. Diss. Techn. Univ. Munich 1980.
  • Elisabeth Tuisl: The Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna in the Middle Ages. From the founding of the university in 1365 to the death of Emperor Maximilian I in 1519 . Göttingen: V&R unipress 2014 (publications from the archives of the University of Vienna, 19).
  • Martinus Steinpeis: Liber de modo studendi seu legendi in medicina . Vienna 1521. [Reprint, Verlag Singrenius 1980, original from the Austrian National Library, 294 pages, digitized February 6, 2013 ( online PDF; 45.1 MB )].
  • Martinus Steinpeis: Lapidarium omni voluptate refertum: & medicine plurima notatu dignissima experimenta complectens . Johannes Winterburger, Vienna between 1495 and 1505, 56 pages ( online PDF; 42.7 MB ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Denis: Vienna's book printer history: to MDLX. bey Christian Friedrich Wappler, 1782 ( google.de [accessed on March 15, 2019]).
  2. ^ Catalog of the German National Library. Retrieved June 23, 2019 .
  3. ^ A b Albrecht Kirchhoff: Contributions to the history of the German book trade . JC Hinrichs, 1851 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Martin Stainpeis in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  5. ↑ Jakob Franck:  Winterburger, Johannes . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 43, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 476-480.
  6. ↑ Martinus Stainpeis: Liber de modo studendi seu legendi in medicina. In: https://books.google.com/ . 1520, accessed on June 22, 2018 (lat).
  7. ↑ a b c Elisabeth Tuisl: The Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna in the Middle Ages from the foundation of the university in 1365 to the death of Emperor Maximilian I in 1519. In: https://www.billrothhaus.at/ . Society of Doctors in Vienna. Billrothhaus., Accessed on June 18, 2018 .
  8. ^ Gerhard Baader : Medical reform thinking and Arabism in Germany in the 16th century. In: Sudhoff's archive. Volume 63, 1979, pp. 261-296.
  9. ↑ Martinus Stainpeis: Lapidarium omni voluptate refertum: & medicine plurima notatu dignissima experimenta complectens (around 1500). (PDF) In: https://archiv.org/ . Retrieved June 22, 2018 (Latin).
  10. ↑ a b Lapidarium omni voluptate refertum: & medicine plurima notatu dignissima experimenta complectens: Opus de lapidibus preclarum ...: in quo de singulis lapidibus nedum preciousis: verum eciam de reliquis quibus virtulis aliquid inesse constat: & de preciosorum lapidum & # 128eâ sophistication; & # 139 ;: & naturalium ac artificialium discretione: notatu dignissima reperies . Io. Winterburger ( archive.org [accessed June 22, 2018] between 1495 and 1505).
personal data
SURNAME Steinpeiss, Martin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stainpeiss, Martinus; Stainpeis, Martin; Stainpeiss, Martin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian doctor in Vienna, professor of medicine and dean at the University of Vienna
DATE OF BIRTH before 1476
DATE OF DEATH July 14, 1527
Place of death Vienna