Martin von Troppau

Martin von Troppau (book illumination, 16th century)

Martin von Troppau O. P. (Latin Martinus Oppaviensis , later also Martinus Polonus ; Czech Martin z Opavy , also Martin Opavský ; * around 1220/1230, probably in Troppau , province of Troppau, Margraviate of Moravia ; † after June 22, 1278 in Bologna ), was a Dominican , apostolic penitentiary and, as a chronicler, the author of the most widely used Latin chronicle of the Middle Ages. In 1278 he was elect of Gniezno .

Life

Martin, who is described in some manuscripts as "a native of the Kingdom of Bohemia from the country of Oppaviensis " ( De regno Boemie oriendus patria Oppaviensis ), joined the Dominican monastery of St. Clement in Prague's old town . After completing his theological training, he was ordained a priest in Prague . Although it was first documented in Rome in 1261 , it was probably already there during the pontificate of Alexander IV . After his rise as an official of the Curia , he referred to himself as "brother preacher Martin, papal penitentiary and chaplain" ( Frater Martinus ordinis Predicatorum, domni pape penitentiarius et capellanus ). In 1278 Martin von Troppau was taken over by Pope Nicholas III. Appointed to the vacant Archbishopric of Gniezno. However, he died on the way there before he even left Italy.

His Latinized nickname Martinus Polonus was first documented in the 14th century . It is derived either from the fact that the Prague Clement Monastery belonged to the Polish Order Province or because he was Elect from Gniezno.

In his list of popes from 1277, Martin von Troppau mentions the legendary " Pope Johanna ".

Works

• Chronicon pontificum et imperatorum ; a universal history of the popes and emperors up to Pope Nicholas III. which has been translated into almost all Western vernaculars, but also into Persian and Armenian.
• Tabula Martiniana Decreti ; a collection on canon law
• Sermones de tempore, de sanctis ; a collection of homiletic templates
• Sermones de tempore et de sanctis . Johann Grüninger, Strasbourg 1488 ( digitized version )
• Chronicon pontificum et imperatorum New edition of the papal and imperial chronicles at Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH), edited by Anna-Dorothee von den Brincken ; is considered the most influential source for the legend about Popess Johanna , who was mentioned there for the first time.
• Margarita Decreti seu Tabula Martiniana . Speyer around 1485 ( digitized version )
• Margarita decreti . 15th century manuscript ( digitized version )

literature

• Anna-Dorothee von den Brincken : Martin von Troppau OP as a graphic designer of the history . In: The beginnings of literature in Upper Silesia up to early humanism . Edited by Gerhard Kosellek, Frankfurt / Main [u. a.] 1997, ISBN 3-631-32750-1 , pp. 211-224.
• This: Martin von Troppau (Martinus Polonus). In: The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . Vol. 6, 1986, col. 158-166.
• This: Studies on the transmission of the chronicle of Martin von Troppau - experiences with a historical text that has been handed down in large numbers . In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages 41 (1985), pp. 460-531.
• Anna-Dorothee von den Brincken: Martin of Opava . In: Graeme Dunphy (ed.): Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden / Boston 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-18464-0 , pp. 1085-1088 (English).
• Ludwig Weiland (Ed.): Martini Oppaviensis chronicon pontificum et imperatorum . MGH SS 22 (1872), pp. 377-475 Facsimile at Gallica
• H. Daniel Embree (Ed.): The Chronicles of Rome. An Edition of the Middle English 'The Chronicle of Popes and Emperors' and 'The Lollard Chronicle' . Woodbridge 1999.
• Wolfgang-Valentin Ikas: Martinus Polonus' Chronicle of the Popes and Emperors: a Medieval Bestseller and its Neglected Influence on English Medieval Chroniclers . In: The English Historical Review 116 (2001), pp. 327-341
• Wolfgang-Valentin Ikas: New manuscript finds on the Chronicon pontificum et imperatorum of Martin von Troppau . In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages 58 (2002), pp. 521–537
• Wolfgang-Valentin Ikas: Martin von Troppau (Martinus Polonus), OP (died 1278) in England. Studies on the history of tradition and the history of its effects on its papal and imperial chronicles . (Knowledge literature in the Middle Ages 40) Wiesbaden: Verlag Dr. Ludwig Reichert 2002. ISBN 3-89500-313-1 review
• Wolfgang-Valentin Ikas (Hrsg.): Continuations to the papal and imperial chronicles of Martin von Troppau from England . (Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores rerum Germanicarum. Nova series; 19) Hannover: Hahn 2004.
• Birgit Studt :  Martin von Troppau. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 279 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Wilhelm Wattenbach:  Martin von Troppau . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 483.
• Dieter Berg:  Martin von Troppau. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 5, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-043-3 , Sp. 923-926.

Web links

• Martinus Oppaviensis in the repertory "Historical Sources of the German Middle Ages"
• Edition of this translation, 1858
• Information about a French dissertation on the Promptuarium Exemplorum

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Saint Lexicon