Mary Gaillard

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mary Katharine Gaillard (born April 1, 1939 in New Brunswick , New Jersey ) is an American theoretical physicist who mainly works in the field of elementary particle physics .

Life

Gaillard made her bachelor's degree from Hollins College in 1960 and her master's degree from Columbia University in 1961. She received her doctorate from the University of Paris in Orsay (1964 Doctorat du Troisième Cycle, 1968 Doctorat d'Etat) and was a scientist from 1964 on CNRS , from 1973 as Maitre de Recherche, 1979/81 group leader at LAPP in Annecy and 1980–1984 Director of Research at CNRS in Annecy. From 1981 she was a physics professor at the University of California, Berkeley , where she has also been a senior scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory since 1981 and was group leader in the theory department from 1985-1987. From 1964 to 1981 she was a visiting scientist at CERN and in 1973/4 and 1983 at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory .

Gaillard is known for various contributions to theoretical elementary particle physics. With Benjamin Lee, for example, she predicted the mass of the charm quark (1.5 G eV or less, from investigations into the Kaon system) before its discovery in 1974 by Burton Richter and Samuel Chao Chung Ting in the system. With M. Chanowitz and Ellis she also made a prediction of the bottom quark mass, also shortly before its discovery. In 1974 she and Benjamin W. Lee gave a gauge field theory (QCD) explanation of the observed rule (an isospin selection rule ) in nonleptonic hadronic weak decays. With John Ellis and Graham Ross , she predicted 3- jet events in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and examined jet events as QCD tests. As early as the 1970s, she also investigated the predictions of GUTs and made predictions for the Higgs boson . In 1985 she and Chanowitz proved the Goldstone-Boson equivalence theorem . In the 1990s, she studied superstring models.

In 1977 she received the Thibaud Prize from the University of Lyon , was a Loeb Lecturer at Harvard in 1980 , received the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Prize of the DOE in 1988 and the Sakurai Prize of the APS in 1993 . She has been a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1989 , of the US National Academy of Sciences since 1991, and of the American Philosophical Society since 2000 .

She has three children from her first marriage and was married to Bruno Zumino until his death in 2014 .

literature

  • A. Buras in Nina Byers, Gary Williams (Ed.) "Out of the Shadows - Contributions of Twentieth-Century Women to Physics", Cambridge University Press 2006
  • Mary K. Gaillard: A Singularly Unfeminine Profession . World Scientific, Singapore 2015, ISBN 978-981-4713-22-1 (xii + 187 pp.).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gaillard, Mary K. Author profile . INSPIRE-HEP . Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  2. ^ MK Gaillard, Benjamin W. Lee: Rare Decay Modes of the K Mesons in Gauge Theories . In: Phys. Rev. D . tape 10 , 1974, p. 897 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevD.10.897 .
  3. ^ Mary K. Gaillard, Benjamin W. Lee, Jonathan L. Rosner: Search for Charm . In: Rev. Mod. Phys. tape 47 , 1975, pp. 277 , doi : 10.1103 / RevModPhys.47.277 ( inspirehep.net [PDF]). (this article was created before the discovery and was widely used as a preprint)
  4. ↑ Michael S. Chanowitz, John R. Ellis, Mary K. Gaillard: The Price of Natural Flavor Conservation in Neutral Weak Interactions . In: Nucl. Phys. B . tape 128 , no. 3 , 1977, pp. 506-536 , doi : 10.1016 / 0550-3213 (77) 90057-8 .
  5. ^ John R. Ellis, MK Gaillard, Dimitri V. Nanopoulos, S. Rudaz: The phenomenology of the next left-handed quarks . In: Nucl. Phys. B . tape 131 , no. 2-3 , 1977, pp. 285-307 , doi : 10.1016 / 0550-3213 (77) 90374-1 . , Erratum Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 132, 1978, p. 541.
  6. ^ Gaillard, Lee “Delta I = 1/2 Rule for Nonleptonic Decays in Asymptotically Free Field Theories”, Physical Review Letters Vol. 33, 1974, p. 108. Guido Altarelli and Luciano Maiani did this independently .
  7. ^ Ellis, Ross, Gaillard "Search for Gluons in e + e-Annihilation", Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 111, 1976, p. 253, Erratum Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 130, 1977, p. 516
  8. ↑ DeRujula, Ellis, Gaillard, Floratos "QCD Predictions for Hadronic Final States in e + e- Annihilation", Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 138, 1978, p 387
  9. ↑ z. B. Buras, Ellis, Gaillard, Nanopoulos "Aspects of the Grand Unification of Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions," Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 135, 1978, p. 66 investigate SU (5) and SO (10) models
  10. ^ Ellis, Gaillard, Nanopoulos “A Phenomenological Profile of the Higgs Boson”, Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 106, 1976, p. 292
  11. ↑ Chanowitz, Gaillard "The TeV physics of strongly interacting W's and Z's", Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 261, 1985, p. 379.
  12. ^ Member History: Mary K. Gaillard. American Philosophical Society, accessed August 15, 2018 (with a short biography).
personal data
SURNAME Gaillard, Mary
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gaillard, Mary Katharine (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American theoretical physicist
DATE OF BIRTH April 1, 1939
PLACE OF BIRTH New Brunswick , New Jersey