Fattening herbs
| Fattening herbs | ||||||||||||
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Pfriemen-Fattenkraut ( Sagina subulata ) |
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The fattening herbs ( Sagina ) are a genus of plants within the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae). The approximately 25 species are distributed almost worldwide.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The fattened herb species are small annual or perennial herbaceous plants . They often form lawns . The stems are prostrate or ascending.
The leaves are opposite and fused at the base. The leaf shape is linear or sub-like. The tip of the leaf can be a spike tip. The blade is bare or ciliate on the edge. Stipules are missing.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are solitary or in little-flowered dichasias . The flower stalks are thin, usually upright or, after the anthesis, bent downwards like a hook below the calyx, and the stalk bends upwards again when the fruit is ripe.
The hermaphrodite flowers are four or five-fold, usually with a double flower envelope , the petals are rarely missing. The five sepals are free and blunt, less often with a short point. The five petals are entire and white, often very small and sometimes absent. There are four, five, eight or ten stamens present. At the bottom they have a nectar gland . Four or five carpels are an egg-shaped ovary grown. There are also four or five styluses.
The capsule fruits are egg-shaped and open with four or five lobes. The fruit valves are blunt. The numerous seeds are dark brown and kidney-shaped with a diameter of 0.2 to 0.5 millimeters.
ecology
The flowers are homogeneous , protandric or protogynous . The opening time ( anthesis ) is usually short. The pollination is effected by insects ( Diptera or Apoiden ) or by self-pollination ( Autogamie ).
Diaspores are the seeds. The seeds are spread by animals ( endozoochory ) or wind ( anemochory ).
Systematics
The genus Sagina was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , p. 128. A synonym for Sagina L. is Spergella Rchb. The genus Sagina belongs to the tribe Alsineae in the subfamily Alsinoideae within the family Caryophyllaceae .
There are around 25 species worldwide, twelve of which are native to Europe.
The species found in Central Europe are:
- Sagina apetala agg., At Fischer and Schmeil-Fitschen Sagina apetala :
- Leaf-less fattening herb , ciliate fattening herb ( Sagina apetala Ard. ), In Fischer and Schmeil-Fitschen Sagina apetala subsp. apetala Schmeil-Fitschen 2001/2002
- Bald fattened herb ( Sagina glabra (Willd.) Fenzl ), Western Alps, Switzerland
- Beach fattening herb ( Sagina maritima G.Don ), on the North and Baltic Seas
- Upright fattening herb ( Sagina micropetala Rauschert ), in Fischer and Schmeil-Fitschen Sagina apetala subsp. erecta (Hornem.) F. Hermann . A form Sagine micropetala Rauschert f. leiosperma (Thell.) Soó, which can also be regarded as the species Sagina leiosperma (Thell.) Bomble.
- Knotty fattened herb ( Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl )
- Lower fattening herb ( Sagina procumbens L. )
- Alpine fattening herb ( Sagina saginoides (L.) Karsten )
- Pfriemen-Fattenkraut ( Sagina subulata (Swartz) C. Presl )
The following species are found in the Mediterranean and other parts of Europe:
- Petalless fattening herb ( Sagina apetala Ard. )
- Sagina boydii F.B.White : The home is Great Britain.
- Sagina caespitosa J.Vahl Lange : It occurs in Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Svalbard.
- Bald fattened herb ( Sagina glabra Willd. Fenzl ): The home is in the western Alps of France, Italy and Switzerland before.
- Sagina libanotica Rech. F. : It occurs in the area of Syria and Lebanon.
- Beach Masthead ( Sagina maritima Don )
- Sagina melitensis Duthie : It occurs in southern Europe and Turkey.
- Sagina merinoi Merino : The home is Spain.
- Sagina nivalis Lindblad Fr .: It occurs in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Svalbard, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and in Great Britain.
- Knotty fattened herb ( Sagina nodosa L. Fenzl )
- Sagina oxysepala Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Sagina pilifera (DC.) Fenzl : The home is Corsica and Sardinia.
- Lower fattening herb ( Sagina procumbens L. )
- Sagina pyrenaica Rouy : It occurs in Spain and France.
- Sagina sabuletorum (J.Gay) Lange : The homeland is Portugal, Spain and Morocco.
- Alpine fattening herb ( Sagina saginoides (L.) H.Karst. )
- Pfriemen-Fattenkraut ( Sagina subulata (Sw.) C.Presl ): The home is Europe; it is a neophyte in North America and New Zealand .
Other types are (selection):
- Sagina chilensis Gay : It occurs in South America.
- Sagina japonica (Sw.) Ohwi : It is common in Asia and North America.
- Sagina maxima A.Gray : It is common in East Asia, China and North America.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Karol Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae. : Sagina - Datasheet In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
- ^ A b c Sagina in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- ↑ Eyelash Mastwort ( Sagina apetala ). In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- ^ Upright fattening herb ( Sagina micropetala ). In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ Wolfgang Bomble: Critical and little known vascular plant species in the Aachen area II. Yearbook of the Bochum Botanical Association. Vol. 4, 2013, pp. 70–83 ( PDF 2.1 MB)
