Matsu class
The destroyer Momo in June 1944
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The Matsu class ( Japanese 松 型 駆 逐 艦 , Matsu-gata kuchikukan ) was a class of eighteen destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy , which were used in World War II . The Japanese Navy also referred to the ships as D-class destroyers ( 丁 型 駆 逐 艦 , Tei-gata kuchikukan ).
General
The losses that occurred in 1942 ( Battle of Guadalcanal ) forced the admiral staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy to rethink the design policy of their destroyers. The standard draft for the naval destroyers built so far during the war, the Yūgumo class , had produced an excellent warship, but it took too long to complete. A faster construction pace was therefore the main requirement and, given the nature of the presumed use of these ships, the second requirement was a good survival of any damage. The torpedo armament and good flak equipment were also important. In order to be able to build as quickly as possible, the hull was designed as simply as possible and all superfluous curves were omitted. The electric welding process was also widely used.
For the first time on Japanese destroyers, the propulsion system was structured according to the unitary principle with alternating arrangement of boiler rooms and engine rooms. This arrangement would normally have increased the length of the ship. However, since only two steam boilers were used, the Matsu class was 19.17 m shorter than the Yūgumo class. However, this reduced the propulsion power by more than 60%, which resulted in a reduction in speed to 28 knots. However, since these destroyers were to be used mainly in escort service and supply trips, this did not play a major role. Another departure from the fleet destroyers was the use of the air-defensible 127 mm Type 89 gun instead of the Type 3 , which was based on this standard. Clearly recognizing the fact that torpedoes were of vital importance in close-range combat, the Matsu- class was originally intended to be equipped with a six-torpedo tube set. However, this could not be realized and so she received the standard quadruple torpedo tube set. Furthermore, no storage areas for reserve torpedoes were provided.
List of ships
Construction no. | Surname | Shipyard | Keel laying | Launch | Commissioning | Whereabouts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kai-Maru 5 Keikaku | ||||||
5481 |
Matsu ( ま つ ) |
Maizuru naval shipyard | August 8, 1943 | February 3, 1944 | April 29, 1944 | sunk on August 4, 1944 by artillery fire from the American destroyers USS Ingersoll , USS Knapp and USS Cogswell , off Chichi-jima in the Ogasawara Islands |
5482 |
Take ( 竹 ) |
Yokosuka naval shipyard | October 15, 1943 | March 28, 1944 | June 16, 1944 | Spoils of war RN : July 16, 1947 |
5483 |
Ume ( 梅 ) |
Fujinagata Shipyard, Osaka | January 25, 1944 | April 24, 1944 | June 28, 1944 | sunk on January 31, 1945 by air raid south of Formosa |
5484 |
Momo ( 桃 ) |
Maizuru naval shipyard | November 5, 1943 | March 25, 1944 | June 10, 1944 | sunk on December 15, 1944 by americans Submarine USS Hawkbill , west southwest of Luzon |
5485 |
Kuwa ( 桑 ) |
Fujinagata Shipyard, Osaka | December 20, 1943 | May 25, 1944 | June 25, 1944 | sunk on December 3, 1944 by artillery hits in combat with American destroyers. |
5486 |
Kiri ( き り ) |
Yokosuka naval shipyard | February 1, 1944 | May 27, 1944 | August 14, 1944 | Spoils of war USSR: July 19, 1947 |
5487 |
Sugi ( す ぎ ) |
Fujunagata Shipyard, Osaka | February 25, 1944 | July 3, 1944 | August 25, 1944 | Spoils of war China and put into service as Hwei Yang |
5488 |
Maki ( 槇 ) |
Maizuru naval shipyard | February 19, 1944 | June 10, 1944 | August 10, 1944 | Spoils of war RN: August 14, 1947 |
5489 |
Momi ( も み ) |
Yokosuka naval shipyard | February 1, 1944 | June 16, 1944 | September 3, 1944 | sunk by air raid on January 5, 1944, west-southwest of Manila |
5490 |
Kashi ( か し ) |
Fujinagata Shipyard, Osaka | May 5, 1944 | August 13, 1944 | September 30, 1944 | Spoils of War USN : August 7, 1947 |
5492 |
Kaya ( か や ) |
Maizuru naval shipyard | April 10, 1944 | July 30, 1944 | September 30, 1944 | Spoils of war USSR: July 5, 1947 |
5493 |
Nara ( な ら ) |
Fujinagata Shipyard, Osaka | June 10, 1944 | October 12, 1944 | November 26, 1944 | scrapped: July 1948 |
5496 |
Sakura ( さ く ら ) |
Yokosuka naval shipyard | June 2, 1944 | September 6, 1944 | November 25, 1944 | sunk on July 11, 1945 - hit a mine in the port of Osaka |
5497 |
Yanagi ( 柳 ) |
Fujinagata Shipyard, Osaka | August 20, 1944 | November 25, 1944 | January 8, 1945 | scrapped: April 1947 |
5498 |
Tsubaki ( 椿 ) |
Maizuru naval shipyard | June 20, 1944 | September 30, 1944 | November 30, 1944 | scrapped: July 1948 |
5502 |
Hinoki ( 檜 ) |
Yokosuka naval shipyard | March 4, 1944 | 4th July 1944 | September 3, 1944 | sunk on January 7, 1945 by American destroyers, off Manila Bay |
5505 |
Kaede ( か え で ) |
Yokosuka naval shipyard | March 4, 1944 | July 25, 1944 | October 30, 1944 | Booty China and as Hen Yang put into service |
5508 |
Keyaki ( 欅 ) |
Yokosuka naval shipyard | June 22, 1944 | September 30, 1944 | December 15, 1944 | Spoils of War USN: July 5, 1947 |
technical description
hull
The hull of a Matsu- class destroyer was 100 meters long, 9.35 meters wide and had a draft of 3.3 meters with an operational displacement of 1,554 tons .
drive
It was driven by two geared turbines with two oil-fired steam generators - Kampon boilers of the Yarrow type - with which a total output of 19,000 PS (13,974 kW ) was achieved. The power was delivered to two shafts with one screw each . The maximum speed was 27.8 knots (51 km / h ) and the maximum distance traveled 4,680 nautical miles (8,667 km) at 16 knots.
crew
The crew had a strength of 113 men.
Armament
The artillery weapons consisting of three 12.7 cm guns of the type 89 B-1 in caliber length 40 in a single and a double carriage, these were in boat center line, a front of the bridge structure (single carriage) and placed behind the aft deck house (double carriage) . For air defense were twenty-four 2.5-cm machine guns of the type 96 is available, which were distributed in four Drillings- and twelve individual guns on the ship. Furthermore, a quadruple torpedor tube set in the caliber of 610 mm for torpedoes of the type 93 , two water bomb double launchers and two drain rails for 36 depth charges .
radar
Japanese destroyers were not equipped with radio measurement technology from the beginning of the Pacific War . It was not until the middle of 1943 that the first selected units received the Type 22 radar . This system, capable of surveillance and fire control , which consisted of a double horn - one for sending and one for receiving - was mounted on a small mast at the rear of the bridge structure. Due to the fact that early Japanese radar devices were unreliable and their operating personnel were poorly trained, commanders tended not to take information from them seriously and to rely on classic reconnaissance methods , such as lookouts with optical devices. This trust became more and more problematic as the Americans introduced better and better radar systems and used them primarily for fire control.
In 1944, the remaining destroyers received type 13 devices for air surveillance , which had a long ladder antenna that was usually mounted on the aft mast.
literature
- Hansgeorg Jentschura, Dieter Jung, Peter Mickel: Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy 1869-1945 . US Naval Institute Press, Annapolis 1977, ISBN 0-87021-893-X , pp. 151-153 .
- Mark Stille: Imperial Japanese Navy Destroyers 1919–45 . tape 1 . Osprey Publishing , Oxford 2013, ISBN 978-1-84908-984-5 , pp. 7-8 .
- Mark Stille: Imperial Japanese Navy Destroyers 1919–45 . tape 2 . Osprey Publishing , Oxford 2013, ISBN 978-1-84908-987-6 , pp. 38-46 .
- Mike J. Whitley: Destroyer in World War II . Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-613-01426-2 , p. 200-201 .
Web links
- Matsu class on ww2technik.de