Yūgumo class
 The Hayanami in July 1943.
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The Yūgumo class ( Japanese 夕 雲 型 駆 逐 艦 , Yūgumo-gata kuchikukan ) was a class of nineteen destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy , which were used in World War II . The Japanese Navy also referred to the ships as Type A destroyers ( Japanese 甲型 駆 逐 艦 , Kō-gata kuchikukan ).
Development history and construction
The Yūgumo class is essentially an evolution of the Kagerō class with some minor improvements. This marked the end of the development of the special type destroyer , which began in 1928 with the Fubuki class .
Differences to the Kagerō class were a somewhat elongated hull, which increased the displacement by 45 tons, and a forward inclination of the bridge structure. The purpose of this was to improve air resistance and stability. Furthermore, the class was built at only three different shipyards, which resulted in some minor differences between the units. This could be seen in three different variations of the bridge construction - early, medium and late production - two variations of the main mast and the placement of the degaussing cable in five different patterns, depending on where the ship was built.
Originally fifteen units were ordered as part of the 4th construction program ( Maru 4 Keikaku ) from 1939. Of these, one unit, the Akigumo , was completed to the specifications of the Kagerō- class, another formed the basis for the Shimakaze, and two were canceled to finance the construction of the Yamato- class battleships . Another sixteen units - also known as the Hamanami sub-class - were ordered as part of the rapid- build program ( Maru Kyū Keikaku ) of 1941. Of these, however, eight units were canceled before construction. In addition, eight further units were planned as part of the modified 5th construction program ( Kai-Maru 5 Keikaku ) from 1942, but these were also canceled before construction began.
List of ships
| Construction no. | Surname | Shipyard | Keel laying | Launch | Commissioning | Whereabouts | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maru 4 Keikaku | |||||||
| 115 | Akigumo ( 秋雲 ) | as the unit of kagerō-class destroyer built | |||||
| 116 | Yūgumo ( 夕 雲 ) | Maizuru Naval Shipyard, Maizuru | June 6, 1940 | March 16, 1941 | December 5, 1941 | sunk on October 7, 1943 by americans Destroyer, during the Battle of Vella Lavella |
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| 117 | Makigumo ( 巻 雲 ) | Fujinagata Shipyard, Osaka | December 23, 1940 | November 5, 1941 | March 14, 1942 | sunk on February 1, 1943 after being hit by a mine, near Savo Island ( Solomon Islands ) |
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| 118 | Kazegumo ( 風雲 ) | Uraga shipyard, Yokosuka | December 23, 1940 | September 26, 1941 | March 18, 1942 | sunk on June 8, 1944 by americans Submarine USS Hake , in the Gulf of Davao ( Mindanao ) |
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| 119 | Naganami ( 長波 ) | Fujinagata Shipyard, Osaka | April 5, 1941 | March 5, 1942 | June 30, 1942 | sunk on November 11, 1944 by americans Planes in Ormoc Bay during the Battle of Leyte |
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| 120 | Makinami ( 巻 波 ) | Maizuru Naval Shipyard, Maizuru | April 11, 1941 | December 17, 1941 | August 18, 1942 | sunk on November 25, 1943 by americans Destroyer, during the Battle of Cape St. George |
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| 121 | Takanami ( 高 波 ) | Uraga shipyard, Yokosuka | May 29, 1941 | March 16, 1942 | August 31, 1942 | sunk on November 30, 1942 by americans Naval Forces, during the Battle of Tassafaronga |
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| 122 | Ōnami ( 大 波 ) | Fujinagata Shipyard, Osaka | November 15, 1941 | August 31, 1942 | December 29, 1942 | sunk on November 25, 1943 by americans Destroyer, during the Battle of Cape St. George |
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| 123 | Kiyonami ( 清波 ) | Uraga shipyard, Yokosuka | October 15, 1941 | August 17, 1942 | January 25, 1943 | sunk on July 20, 1943 by americans Plane, near Kolombangara |
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| 124 | Tamanami ( 玉 波 ) | Fujinagata Shipyard, Osaka | March 16, 1942 | December 20, 1942 | March 30, 1943 | sunk on July 7, 1944 by americans USS Mingo submarine , southwest of Manila |
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| 125 | canceled and means for building the Shimakaze used | ||||||
| 126 | Suzunami ( 涼 波 ) | Uraga shipyard, Yokosuka | March 27, 1942 | March 12, 1943 | July 27, 1943 | sunk on November 11, 1943 by americans Airplanes, in front of Rabaul |
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| 127 | Fujinami ( 藤 波 ) | Fujinagata Shipyard, Osaka | August 25, 1942 | April 20, 1943 | July 31, 1943 | sunk on October 27, 1944 by americans Airplanes, south of Luzon |
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| 128 129 |
Contracts canceled and funds used to build the Yamato class . | ||||||
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Maru Kyū Keikaku ( Hamanami sub-class) |
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| 340 | Hayanami ( 早 波 ) | Maizuru Naval Shipyard, Maizuru | January 15, 1942 | December 19, 1942 | July 31, 1943 | sunk on June 7, 1944 | |
| 341 | Hamanami ( 濱 波 ) | Maizuru Naval Shipyard, Maizuru | April 28, 1942 | April 18, 1943 | October 15, 1943 | sunk on November 11, 1944 by americans Planes in Ormoc Bay during the Battle of Leyte |
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| 342 | Okinami ( 沖 波 ) | Maizuru Naval Shipyard, Maizuru | August 18, 1942 | July 18, 1943 | December 10, 1943 | sunk on November 13, 1944 by americans Planes in Manila Bay |
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| 343 | Kishinami ( 岸 波 ) | Uraga shipyard, Yokosuka | August 29, 1942 | August 19, 1943 | December 3, 1943 | sunk on December 4, 1944 by americans Submarine USS Flasher , near Palawan |
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| 344 | Asashimo ( 朝 霜 ) | Fujinagata Shipyard, Osaka | January 21, 1943 | July 18, 1943 | November 27, 1943 | sunk on April 7, 1945 by americans Aircraft, during Operation Ten-gō |
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| 345 | Hayashimo ( 早霜 ) | Maizuru Naval Shipyard, Maizuru | January 20, 1943 | October 20, 1943 | February 20, 1944 | sunk on October 26, 1944 by americans Aircraft, southeast of Manila |
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| 346 | Akishimo ( 秋霜 ) | Fujinagata Shipyard, Osaka | March 3, 1943 | December 15, 1943 | March 11, 1944 | sunk on November 13, 1944 by americans Planes in Manila Bay |
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| 347 | Kiyoshimo ( 清霜 ) | Uraga shipyard, Yokosuka | March 16, 1943 | February 29, 1944 | May 16, 1944 | sunk on December 26, 1944 by americans Speedboat PT 223 , south of Manila |
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| 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 |
Umigiri ( 海 霧 ) Yamagiri ( 山 霧 ) Tanigiri ( 谷 霧 ) Kawagiri ( 川 霧 ) Taekaze ( 妙 風 ) Kiyokaze ( 清風 ) Satokaze ( 里 風 ) Murakaze ( 村 風 ) |
Orders canceled | |||||
| Kai-Maru 5 Keikaku | |||||||
| 5041 5042 5043 5044 5045 5046 5047 5048 |
Yamasame ( 山 雨 ) Akisame ( 秋雨 ) Natsusame ( 夏雨 ) Hayasame ( 早 雨 ) Takashio ( 高潮 ) Akishio ( 秋 潮 ) Harushio ( 春潮 ) Wakashio ( 若 潮 ) |
Orders canceled | |||||
technology
Hull and drive
The hull of a Yūgumo- class destroyer was 119.17 meters long, 10.8 meters wide and had a draft of 3.76 meters with an operational displacement of 2,560 tons . It was driven by two sets of geared turbines with three Kampon steam boilers , with which a total output of 52,000 PS (38,246 kW ) was achieved. The power was delivered to two shafts with one screw each . The top speed was 35 knots (65 km / h ).
Armament
When the first units went into service, the armament consisted of six 12.7 cm Type 3 guns with a caliber length of 50 in three twin turrets of the D model. Which were set up in the boat center line, one in front of the bridge structure and two behind or on the aft deckhouse. The inner tower (tower B) was arranged in such a way that it could overshoot the outer one (so-called elevated end position). They were the same guns as the main artillery of all other special type destroyers , only the turret model differed. For air defense were four 2.5-cm - machine guns of the type 96 in double carriage is available, which were placed on both sides on a platform at the rear chimney. Furthermore, as torpedo armament, two quadruple torpedo tube sets with a caliber of 61 cm for torpedoes of the type 93 with eight reserve torpedoes and two double launchers for thirty-six depth charges .
Due to the strong Allied air forces, there was a continuous reinforcement of the 2.5 cm guns. For the units that were completed first, an additional double carriage was set up on a platform in front of the bridge. In later units, tower B was given ashore and replaced by two triplet mounts. With the twin mounts on both sides of the aft funnel replaced by triplet mounts, there were now fourteen 2.5 cm guns on board. From 1944 another fourteen single mounts were added, which increased the total to twenty-eight guns. Despite the fact that Tower B was shaken ashore on some units, the destroyers completed in 1943/44 still received six 12.7 cm guns. The reason was probably that these ships were given a platform directly behind the forward funnel with two 2.5 cm triplet mounts. It is reported that some units gave the aft turret (Tower C) ashore and replaced it with a double mount for 12.7 cm Type 89 anti-aircraft guns.
radar
Japanese destroyers were not equipped with radio measurement technology from the beginning of the Pacific War . It was not until the middle of 1943 that selected units received the Type 22 radar . This system, which is capable of surveillance of the sea and fire control , which consisted of a double horn - one for sending and one for receiving - was installed in the main mast behind the bridge. Due to the fact that early Japanese radar devices were unreliable and their operating personnel were poorly trained, commanders tended not to take information from them seriously and to rely on classic reconnaissance methods such as lookouts with optical devices. This trust became more and more problematic as the Americans introduced better and better radar systems and used them primarily for fire control.
In 1944, the surviving destroyers received Type 13 devices for air surveillance , which had a long ladder antenna that was usually mounted on the stern mast.
literature
- Harald Fock: Fleet Chronicle - The active warships involved in the two world wars and their whereabouts . Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-7822-0788-2 , p. 173-200 .
- Mike J. Whitley: Destroyer in World War II . Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-613-01426-2 , p. 197-198 .
- Mark Stille: Imperial Japanese Navy Destroyers 1919–45 . tape 1 . Osprey Publishing , Oxford 2013, ISBN 978-1-84908-984-5 , pp. 7-8 .
- Mark Stille: Imperial Japanese Navy Destroyers 1919–45 . tape 2 . Osprey Publishing , Oxford 2013, ISBN 978-1-84908-987-6 , pp. 20-28 .
- Hansgeorg Jentschura, Dieter Jung, Peter Mickel: Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy 1869-1945 . US Naval Institute Press, Annapolis 1977, ISBN 0-87021-893-X , pp. 150 .
