Mauchline
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Mauchline Scottish Gaelic Machlainn |
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| Coordinates | 55 ° 31 ′ N , 4 ° 23 ′ W | ||
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| Residents | 4099 2011 census | ||
| administration | |||
| Post town | MAUCHLINE | ||
| ZIP code section | KA5 | ||
| prefix | 01290 | ||
| Part of the country | Scotland | ||
| Council area | East Ayrshire | ||
| British Parliament | Kilmarnock and Loudoun | ||
| Scottish Parliament | Carrick, Cumnock and Doon Valley | ||
Mauchline ( Gaelic : Machlainn ) is a village in the west of the Scottish Council Area East Ayrshire or in the traditional county of Ayrshire . It is located about ten kilometers southeast of Kilmarnock and 16 kilometers east of Ayr near the right bank of the Ayr .
history
In 681 the invasion of an Irish tribe at Mauchline was suppressed. However, it is unclear whether there was already a settlement at the site at that time. In 1177 the monks of Melrose Abbey received the lands of Mauchline. To protect them, they had Tower House Mauchline Castle built around 1450 , which was their base in Ayrshire . King James IV raised the village to the status of a Burgh of Barony in 1510 . With the Reformation and the accompanying secularization of monastic possessions, Mauchline fell to Hugh Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell of Loudoun . As a result, the status of the Burgh of Barony was lost and Mauchline was installed as the Free Burgh of Barony. The title was finally revoked in the early 18th century.
As Burgh, Mauchline owned the market rights. The cattle and horse markets, which took place on nine fixed dates each year, were of supraregional importance. Furthermore, Mauchline developed with the timber industry. The resident companies produced ornamented wooden containers , some of which were painted with tartan patterns , which were sold nationwide. They were sold as “Mauchline goods” until the 1930s and are now collector's items. Curling stones have also been produced since 1851 .
In 1544 the reformer George Wishart was invited to a sermon in Mauchline. However, the Sheriff of Ayr denied entry to the church. Wishart preached out of town at a location on Mauchline Moor. Located in central Ayrshire, Mauchline is linked to the history of the Covenanters . An army of covenants rallied there on the slopes of the Pentland Hills in 1666 before the Battle of Rullion Green . In the battle, the Covenanters suffered a decisive defeat. King James VI 1685 had five covenanters executed on the village green Mauchlines. A memorial was erected on this site in the 1830s to commemorate it.
The Mossgiel farm is located near Mauchline , where the Scottish poet Robert Burns lived in his greatest creative phase. The models of various places in his poems are in the village.
During the 19th century, the population of Mauchline grew steadily. In 1831 1364 people were counted, in 1881 there were already 1616. In the course of the 2011 census survey, 4099 inhabitants were counted in Mauchline.
traffic
As early as the 19th century there were regular carriage connections from Mauchline to Ayr, Glasgow and Catrine . The A76 ( Kilmarnock - Dumfries ) today forms the main thoroughfare of Mauchline and connects the village to the trunk road network. The B743, which leads to Ayr, crosses in the center. In 1788, the single-arched Barskimming New Bridge was used to cross the Ayr. In the 19th century Mauchline received a station along the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway , which later became the core of the Glasgow and South Western Railway . A branch line to Ayr was also set up. The station was closed in the 1960s. The line, which is still in operation today, crosses the Ayr on the Ballochmyle Viaduct, which was built in 1848 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Information from the Scottish Parliament
- ↑ a b c d Entry in the Gazetteer for Scotland
- ↑ a b c d e Mauchline in: FH Groome (Ed.): Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland: A Survey of Scottish Topography, Statistical, Biographical and Historical , Grange Publishing Works, Edinburgh, 1882–1885.
- ↑ Entry on Mauchline Castle in Canmore, the database of Historic Environment Scotland (English)
- ^ Information in the Gazetteer for Scotland
- ↑ 2011 census data
- ↑ Listed Building - Entry . In: Historic Scotland .
- ↑ Information about the Mauchline train station
- ↑ Listed Building - Entry . In: Historic Scotland .
