Emperor tombs of the Song Dynasty
The emperor tombs of the Song Dynasty ( 宋 陵 , Sònglíng , English Mausoleums of the Song Dynasty / Imperial Mausoleums of the Song Dynasty ) are the mausoleums and tombs of the imperial family of the Northern Song Dynasty in China in the area of the city of Gongyi ( 巩义市 ), an independent city in the administrative area of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou , province of Henan , people's Republic of China . There they are in the western suburbs (the large communities of Xicun, Zhitian and Huiguo) at the northern foot of the Song Shan . The burial area extends in north-south direction over a length of approx. 15 km and in east-west direction over approx. 10 km.
The tombs are located about 130 kilometers from Kaifeng , the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty .
Of the ten emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty, with the exception of Huizong 徽宗 (Zhao Ji 赵 佶, 1082–1135) - who was buried in Shaoxing (Zhejiang Province), Yonggu ling ( 永固 陵 ) / Yongyou ling ( 永 佑 陵 ) - and the Qinzong钦宗 (Zhao Huan 赵桓, 1100–1161), who was captured by the troops of the Kin (Jin) in the 2nd year of the Jingkang era (1127) and taken prisoner in what is now Yilan County in the Province of Heilongjiang died (Yongxian ling ( 永献陵 ) in Wuguocheng), all buried in Gongyi, in addition, Zhao Hongyin , the father of Zhao Kuangyin, founder of the song dynasty.
In addition to the imperial mausoleums, there are twenty-one graves of their wives and one hundred and forty-four graves of the imperial family; There are also nine graves of high-ranking officials and famous generals of the Northern Song Dynasty, including Gao Huaide , Cai Qi , Zhao Pu , Kou Zhun , Bao Zheng, and Yang Yanzhao , and nearly a thousand graves of relatives of the imperial family.
The stone sculptures of human and animal figures of some so-called soul paths ( shendao ) - especially in front of the Yongding mausoleum and the Yongzhao mausoleum - are relatively well preserved. They are of great importance for the study of the art of stone carving during the song.
The arrangement and number of the stone figures along the Shendao was the same in every mausoleum, the sculptures only differed in detail.
The seven mausoleums plus that of Zhao Hongyin, the father of the founder of the Song Dynasty, are commonly referred to as the Eight Mausoleums of the Seven Emperors ( 七 帝 八 陵 , Qidi baling ).
The mausoleums of the Song dynasty ( Songling ) have been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China (2-58) since 1982 .
Eight mausoleums of the seven emperors
CH : China.org KGX : Zhongguo da baike quanshu : Kaoguxue
| Name of the mausoleum ( Pinyin / Chin.) | Emperor | Lifetime | Year ( china.org ) | location | Left |
| Yong'an ling ( 永安 陵 ) | Xuanzu宣 祖 (Zhao Hongyin 赵弘殷, the father of Zhao Kuangyin 赵匡胤, the founder of the Song Dynasty) | 899-956 | 964 |
|
CH |
| Yongchang ling ( 永昌 陵 ) | Taizu太祖 (Zhao Kuangyin 赵匡胤) | 927-976 | 977 |
|
CH |
| Yongxi ling ( 永熙 陵 ) | Taizong太宗 (Zhao Jiong 赵 炅 / Zhao Guangyi 赵 匡 义) | 939-997 |
|
CH | |
| Yongding ling ( 永定 陵 ) | Zhenzong真宗 (Zhao Heng 赵恒) | 968-1022 | 1022 |
|
CH |
| Yongzhao ling ( 永 昭陵 ) | Renzong仁宗 (Zhao Zhen 赵 祯) | 1010-1063 | 1063 |
|
CH |
| Yonghou ling ( 永 厚 陵 ) | Yingzong英宗 (Zhao Shu 赵 曙) | 1032-1067 | 1067 |
|
CH |
| Yongyu ling ( 永裕 陵 ) | Shenzong神宗 (Zhao Xu 赵 顼) | 1048-1085 | 1085 |
|
CH |
| Yongtai ling ( 永泰 陵 ) | Zhezong哲宗 (Zhao Xu 赵 煦) | 1076-1100 | 1100 |
|
CH |
literature
- Angela Falco Howard, Li Song, Wu Hung, Yang Hong: Chinese Sculpture . New Haven: Yale University and Foreign Languages Press 2006, ISBN 0-300-10065-5 ( online excerpt )
reference books
- Cihai . Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe 2002; ISBN 7-5326-0839-5
- Zhongguo da baike quanshu : Kaoguxue (archeology). Beijing: Zhongguo da baike quanshu chubanshe, 1986 ( online text )
Web links
- Imperial Mausoleums of the Song Dynasty (960-1279) - English
- Song tombs in Henan
- Imperial Mausoleums of the Song Dynasty (960-1279) - English
- Gong Xian Songling - Chinese
Footnotes
- ↑ The former circle Gong ("Gongxian")
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from October 1, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Howard et al., P. 82.
Map with all coordinates: