Melastoma malabathricum
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Melastoma malabathricum , also called Indian rhododendron and Singapore rhododendron ( Malay Senduduk ; Thai โคลงเคลง ขี้นก , Khlong khelng khi nok or English Malabar melastome ) is a species of the genus Melastoma within the black- mouthed family(Melastomataceae). It is native to southeast and eastern Asia.
description
Melastoma malabathricum is an evergreen shrub that reaches heights of between 0.5 and one meter (in rare cases 2.5 meters). The trunks stand upright and are four-sided to approximately cylindrical. The many branches are prostrate and densely covered with adjoining scales.
The leaf stalks are between 0.5 and 1.9 inches long. The rather stiff, paper-like and entire, pointed to acuminate leaf blade is ovate to elliptical or obovate and measures 4 to 14 centimeters in length and 1.7 to 3.5, in exceptional cases up to 6 centimeters in width. It is densely fine-bristled above and below and the leaf base is pointed to blunt or clipped and sometimes slightly heart-shaped. The hand-shaped nerve consists of several embossed, arched main veins from the base of the leaf to the tip of the leaf. These are connected to one another by branching, parallel side lines.
The inflorescences are densely umbrella-like and terminal and have three to seven flowers . Each inflorescence has two leaf-like bracts at the base. The flowers stems are 2 to 10 millimeters long and feinborstig terminally sitting two continue reading . The bracts are eilanzettlich to subpulate and between 2 and 5 millimeters long and more or less bristly and ciliate. The mostly five-fold and stalked flowers with a double flower envelope are hermaphroditic.
The small flower cup measures 5 to 10 millimeters in diameter and, when pressed tightly, is scaly-bristly, with a small, short-fringed rim with small tips. The sloping, lanceolate to egg-shaped sepals are pointed. They are bristly and hairy on both sides and on the edge like scales. And there are small, awl "intersepalar" tips. The broad, short ciliate and rounded 5 petals are reddish to purple or rarely white and 2 to 4 centimeters long. The mostly 10 dimorphic stamens are of unequal length, with a small, two-lobed appendage at the end of the stamen, the 5 longer ones have purple, long and hook-shaped connectors, the 5 shorter ones with shorter, elongated and yellow ones. The medium-sized and multi-chambered ovary is densely bristled, with a longer bristle ring at the tip and a long, firm and hook-shaped stylus .
The many-seeded, irregularly opening capsules or berries ( false fruit ) with the flower cup tips are urn-shaped and measure 6 to 15 millimeters in length and 6 to 12 millimeters in width. They are fleshy and densely bristled like scales. The many, very small seeds in the dark purple flesh are partly fertile and beige, these are somewhat larger, like the sterile, differently shaped, dark ones. The flowering period extends from February to August, the fruit ripening from July to December.
Occurrence
The natural distribution area of Melastoma malabathricum extends over India , Nepal , Myanmar , Cambodia , Laos , Thailand , the People's Republic of China , Vietnam , Japan , Malaysia , Indonesia to the Philippines . The species is common in the range.
Melastoma malabathricum thrives in China at altitudes of 100 to 2800 meters in open grasslands, in light forest areas or in bamboo forests.
use
The fruits are edible, as are the young sprouts.
The plant was used as a medicinal herb in many parts of the world .
Melastoma malabathricum is a hyperaccumulator of aluminum and is therefore used for phytoremediation .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Malabar Melastome. In: thai2english.com. Retrieved October 30, 2014 .
- ↑ Melastoma malabathricum at USDA IDTools.
- ↑ Jie Chen, Susanne S. Renner: Melastoma malabathricum . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . tape 13 . Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 , pp. 365 (English, efloras.org ).
- ↑ S. Mohd. Joffry, NJ Yob, MS Rofiee et. al .: Melastoma malabathricum (L.) Smith Ethnomedicinal Uses, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Properties: A Review . In: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine . tape 2012 , 2012, doi : 10.1155 / 2012/258434 (English).
- ↑ Toshihiro Watanabe, Mitsuru Osaki, Teruhiko Yoshihara, Toshiaki Tadano: Distribution and chemical speciation of aluminum in the Al accumulator plant, Melastoma malabathricum L. In: Plant and Soil . tape 201 , no. 2 . Springer, 1998, ISSN 0032-079X , p. 165-173 , doi : 10.1023 / A: 1004341415878 .
Web links
- Sandakan Rainforest Park - Medicinal Plants ( Memento from January 1, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- Melastoma malabathricum at PROTA.
- Melastoma malabathricum at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Melastoma malabathricum from Territory Native Plants.
- Melastoma malabathricum at CABI Invasive Species Compendium.