Metternichia principis
| Metternichia principis | ||||||||||||
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Metternichia principis , illustration |
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| JCMikan |
Metternichia principis is a plant type from the family of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), and the only type of monotypic genus Metternichia . The species grows endemically in the Mata Atlântica of Brazil .
description
Metternichia principis are (3) 5 to 6 (10) m high trees , the tissue of which is formed as an internal phloem . The leaves are 2.4 to 9.5 cm long and 0.8 to 3.6 cm wide. They stand on 4 to 7 mm long petioles.
The flowers are solitary or in small clusters with a pronounced bract . The calyx , with its narrow nerve tracts, is bell-shaped, zygomorphic , 1.2 to 1.4 cm long and about 1/4 to 1/5 the length of the crown. The individual sepals are fused together to different degrees. The strongly fragrant crown itself is 5.5 to 9 cm long, is colored white, only the five broad episepal areas are colored green. It is radially symmetrical , broadly funnel-shaped and provided with a wide rim, which consists of five short but wide, spiky calyx tips. The outside of the crown is covered with simple, short trichomes , inside an area below the attachment points of the stamens is also covered with simple trichomes. The bud cover is twisted conduplicative (folded lengthways along the middle). The five stamens occur in two or three forms (2 + 3 or 2 + 2 + 1). The stamens are inclined at an angle, the anthers fixed to the base are 2.5 to 3.5 mm long, the theca are free in the basal third, sometimes a little further. The pollen grains have a size of 56 to 58 µm and are therefore comparatively large. The two carpels each have two chambers with ten to 16 opposing ovules.
The fruits are green, woody capsules with a size of 3.5 to 4.5 × 0.6 to 0.9 cm, on which the calyx remains. Before popping up, they are almost cylindrical, spindle-shaped, they pop up with crevices in the septum, with four to five seeds in each compartment. These are spear-shaped, have a triangular cross-section, are 30 to 39 mm long and 2 to 3.5 mm thick, the hilum is located about 4 mm from the lower end of the seed. Each of the three edges has narrow wings. The embryo is about 17 to 19 mm long and lies straight in the seed, the cotyledons are compressed and not wider than the slightly longer, cylindrical remaining embryo. The endosperm is only sparse.
The base chromosome number is .
Occurrence and locations
The species occurs mainly in the Mata Atlântica around Rio de Janeiro , but can also be found in the drier areas north of it around Maracás , Morro da Ibiapaba , Paramirim , and in the west in Coronel Murta . It grows near the coast up to a height of 800 m.
Systematics
Metternichia principis is the only species of the monotypical genus Metternichia . Traditionally it was classified within the systematics of the nightshade family in the tribe Cestreae of the subfamily Cestroideae, so also in the systematics according to William D'Arcy . As early as 1846, however, John Miers proposed an incorporation into a separate tribe, the Metternichieae, which was only taken up again in its system by Armando Hunziker . Molecular biological studies place the genus close to the duckeodendron or in a clade with Goetzea and related species. A phylogenetic study set up by Sandra Knapp , which is based on Richard Olmstead's cladistic classification and examines the morphological properties of the fruit, places the genus within the Cestreae again.
Name declaration
The Metternichia genus honors the German-Austrian diplomat and statesman Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich (1773-1859) (actually Clemens Wenceslaus Nepomuk Lothar Prince of Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein).
literature
- Harri Lorenzi: Árvores Brasileiras. Vol. 3, Instituto Plantarum, 2009, 2011, ISBN 85-86714-33-7 , p. 351, online at StuDocu.
- Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. ARG Gantner Verlag KG, Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001, ISBN 3-904144-77-4 .
- Sandra Knapp: Tobacco to tomatoes: a phylogenetic perspective on fruit diversity in the Solanaceae In: Journal of Experimental Botany. Volume 53, Number 377, Fruit Development and Ripening Special Issue, October 2002. Pages 2001-2022, doi : 10.1093 / jxb / erf068 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2016. ISBN 978-3-946292-10-4 . doi : 10.3372 / epolist2016 .
