Metulodontia
| Metulodontia | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Metulodontia | ||||||||||||
| Parmasto 1968 |
The lamprocystid sponges ( Metulodontia ) are a genus of fungi within the family of the cystid bark fungus relatives (Peniophoraceae). The white rot fungi form whitish, resupinate fruiting bodies on coniferous wood . Microscopically, they are characterized by their sulfocystids and the eponymous, thick-walled and crystal-covered lamprocystids as well as the rather small, elliptical and inamyloid spores. The type species of the genus is Metulodontia nivea (P. Karst.) Parmasto , the white lamprocystid sponge . In the past, the genus was placed in the family of the folds relatives ( Meruliaceae) which belongs to the order of the stem-like (Polyporales). Molecular biological studies have shown, however, that the genus belongs to the Russuloid community of descent .
features
The annual, resupinate fruiting bodies cover their substrate with a membranous and somewhat waxy hyphae layer up to 0.2 mm thick . Rhizomorphs are often formed on the edge . The hymenium is smooth or bumpy and white to light yellowish-ocher in color. The spore powder is whitish.
The hyphae system is monomitic and consists of hyaline, tightly interwoven, narrow and thin-walled hyphae. The hyphae texture is somewhat looser in the subiculum . The septa are buckles formed. The terminal, small (15-25 µm long), narrow-lobed basidia have four curved sterigms and a buckle at their base. In addition to the basidia, the sterile elements are lamprocystids and gloeocystids . The cylindrical to club-shaped encrusted lamprocystids, which are thick-walled cystids coated with a crystalline layer, are 20–100 µm long. The gloeocystids are more or less spindle-shaped, smooth, thin-walled and 20–40 µm long. They are sulfopositive and can sometimes have a papilla on their tip. The small (4–6 × 2.5–3.5 µm long), thin-walled and ellipsoidal spores are inamyloid and acyanophilic . So they cannot be stained with iodine reagents or cotton blue.
Ecology and diffusion
The white lamprocystid sponge is distributed almost worldwide. It has been found in North America (Canada), Asia (Japan), New Zealand and Europe. In Europe it is mainly found in Scandinavia. But it has also been found in Finland, Estonia, Russia, France, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and Austria, as well as in southern Europe in Italy, Macedonia and Greece. There is also evidence from Turkey and the Caucasus. The saprobion table living fungus grows on conifer trunks and decomposes the infected wood with a white rot. Metulodontia sphaericospora has so far only been detected in Hawaii.
Systematics
The genus Metulodontia is characterized by the occurrence of encrusted cystids, sulfopositive gloeocystids and smooth, inamyloid basidiospores.
Parmasto introduced the genus Metulodontia in 1968 to accommodate species with thick-walled, encrusted cystids, the so-called metuloids . As early as 1976 Eriksson and Ryvarden recognized that the type species Metulodontia nivea is not related to the other four species placed in the genus by Parmasto, because it is the only species that has sulfopositive Gloeocystide. Therefore, they considered the genus to be monotypical, but could not assign the genus to a higher taxon. By means of molecular biological studies, E. Larsson and K.-H. Larsson 2003 show that the genus belongs to the Russoloid community of descent despite the inamyloid basidiospores. Here it forms the most basal sub-branch of the Peniophoraceae .
species
Today only two species are assigned to the genus. Metulodontia nivea is only one species in Europe . Metulodontia sphaericospora Gilb. & Hemmes was collected in Hawaii and described as a new species in 2004.
swell
- Metulodontia. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .
- Metulodontia. Jülich, Persoonia 10 (1): 139 (1978). In: CABI databases: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved February 20, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ^ E. Parmasto: Conspectus Systematis Corticiacearum . tape 12: 1 , 1968, pp. 117 (Latin, mycobank.org - original diagnosis ).
- ↑ Corticiaceae s. l. Metulodontia . In: A. Bernicchia, SP Gorjón (ed.): Fungi Europaei . tape 12 , 2010, p. 437 ( mycobank.org ).
- ↑ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 , p. 264.
- ↑ a b Jens H. Petersen, Thomas Læssøe: about the genus Metulodontia. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 22, 2013 .
- ↑ Corticiaceae s. l. Metulodontia nivea . In: A. Bernicchia, SP Gorjón (ed.): Fungi Europaei . tape 12 , 2010, p. 438 ( mycobank.org ).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Metulodontia nivea. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on September 10, 2014 ; accessed on September 6, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ellen Larsson & Karl-Henrik Larsson: Phylogenetic relationships of russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean taxa . In: Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 95 , no. 6 . Lawrence 2003, p. 1037-1065 ( mycologia.org ).
- ^ Karl-Henrik Larsson: Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi . In: Mycological research . tape 111 , no. 9 . Elsevier, 2007, p. 1040-1063 .
