Michel Marie Claparède
_-_French_General_-_Peer_of_France.jpg)
Michel Marie Claparède (born August 28, 1770 in Gignac , † October 23, 1842 in Montpellier ) was a French Général de division and Peer of France.
Life
His family came from an old noble family of noblesse de robe . In 1792 he joined a volunteer battalion and moved with them across the Alps to Italy. As he was distinguished by intelligence and courage, he was quickly promoted to captain . Soon afterwards he was promoted to Chef de bataillon and in 1800 he was appointed Adjudant-général in the Armée du Rhin .
Under the Général Leclerc he was involved in the expedition to Santo Domingo , where he was able to excel in all combat operations and was promoted to Général de brigade for his services . Back in France he was transferred to the army in Boulogne . Then he was involved in the Battle of Ulm and the Battle of Austerlitz . Here he found himself in front of the right wing of the Russian army, which he was able to force retreat with the help of the 18 cannons at his disposal. He earned further merits in the battle near Saalfeld and in the battle of Jena ; when he opened the battle at 6 o'clock with his artillery. In the battle of Pułtusk (1806) and in the battle of Ostrołęka he was also able to distinguish himself.
Promoted to Général de division on October 8, 1808 , he and his troops attacked the Austrian rearguard in the battle of Ebelsberg and dispersed them. Then the French pounced on the troops who were supposed to protect the bridge over the Traun and threw them into the river. Suddenly he found himself facing a major force of 30,000 Austrians under Field Marshal Lieutenant Johann von Hiller .
Although his situation was beginning to get critical, he did not hesitate to attack. In the meantime, however, fire had destroyed the bridge and retreat was made impossible. Only after three hours of intense fighting could he receive reinforcements.
The Claparède division was praised in a bulletin,
"... she fought against 30,000 men for three hours alone and covered herself with fame."
The general then stood in the battle of Aspern , where he was wounded in the turmoil. Soon after, he returned to the troops and took over a division in the Dalmatian Army (Armée de Dalmatie), which contributed decisively to the outcome of the Battle of Wagram .
Appointed Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor, Claparède fought in Spain and Portugal and was then appointed to the Grande Armée in 1812 , where he took command of a Polish division with which he then moved to Russia .
In June 1812 he fought with his division in the corps of Général Davout in the battle of Mogilev . Also in the Battle of the Moskva and the Battle of the Berezina , where he was wounded once more.
He continued to distinguish himself in the campaign in Germany in 1813 and returned to France after his defeat in the Battle of Leipzig . Here he was one of the commanders under Maréchal Marmont who fought the Battle of Paris in 1814 .
After the second return of the Bourbons in 1815, the Général Claparède was appointed commandant of the Paris area and was appointed Inspector General of the 1st Military Division.
Still appointed to the chamber of peers, he died on October 23, 1842 in Montpellier and was buried in the cemetery of his home parish Gignac.
Wounds
- on December 26, 1806 in the Battle of Pułtusk;
- on May 21 or 22, 1809 in the Battle of Aspern
- on November 29, 1812 in the Battle of the Berezina
Awards
-
Legion d'honneur :
- Chevalier (Knight) on May 19, 1802;
- Grand officier on July 17, 1809;
- Grand-Croix (Grand Cross) by royal decree of January 17, 1815
-
Ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis :
- Chevalier (knight) by order of July 8, 1814;
- Commandeur on May 23, 1825;
- Grand-Croix (Grand Cross) on August 17, 1826.
title
- “Comte de l'Empire” by imperial decree of March 19, 1808. Confirmed by a letter of nobility of June 29, 1808.
- Hereditary county again confirmed by ordinance of June 23, 1816
Other honors
- The name CLAPAREDE is engraved in the 16th column on the east pillar of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.
- In his hometown of Gignac, a memorial commemorates Général Claparède:
- Inscription on the front of the stele bearing a bust:
- Inscription on the front of the base:
- Inscriptions on the sides of the stele: names of the battles in which Claparède took part.
- Inscription on the back of the base:
- In Montpellier, a road connecting the Cours Gambetta and the Rue du Faubourg du Correau is called "Rue du Général Claparède".
More functions
- Member of the court martial on the Maréchal Michel Ney .
- 1819 governor of the royal palace in Strasbourg.
- Member of the Chambre des pairs by royal decree of March 5, 1819 with a grant of 12,000 francs.
Web links
- Biography on lesapn.forumactif.fr: Les Amis du Patrimoine Napoléonien .
literature
- Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre - Fort de Vincennes - Dossier SHAT Côte: 7 Yd 477; Dossier de la Legion d'honneur côte LH / 541/39.
- Marie-Nicolas Bouillet , Alexis Chassang (eds.), "Michel Marie Claparède" in Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de geographie , 1878 (Wikisource);
- "Michel Marie Claparède", dans Charles Mullié, biography of the célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850, 1852 (excerpt);
- "Michel Marie Claparède", dans Robert et Cougny, Dictionnaire des parlementaires français, 1889 (excerpt).
Footnotes
- ↑ as since the spelling reform of 1996 Field Marshal Lieutenant referred
- ↑ To General Claparede 1770–1842 from his hometown
- ^ Paul Gaspard Albert Servan (1842 1932), vice-amiral, Commandant en chef la division navale de l'Atlantique, Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur (July 10, 1901).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Claparède, Michel Marie |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French general and senator |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 28, 1770 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Gignac (Herault) |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 23, 1842 |
| Place of death | Montpellier , France |