Miglitol

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Structural formula
Structural formula of miglitol
General
Non-proprietary name Miglitol
other names

(2 R , 3 R , 4 R , 5 S ) -1- (2-Hydroxyethyl) -2- (hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol

Molecular formula C 8 H 17 NO 5
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 72432-03-2
EC number 276-661-6
ECHA InfoCard 100.069.670
PubChem 441314
DrugBank DB00491
Wikidata Q772735
Drug information
ATC code

A10 BF02

Drug class

Antidiabetic drug

Mechanism of action

α-glucosidase - inhibitor of blood sugar

properties
Molar mass 207.22 g · mol -1
Physical state

firmly

Melting point

114 ° C

safety instructions
Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS labeling of hazardous substances
no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases H: no H-phrases
P: no P-phrases
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Miglitol is a drug that was used to treat non -insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( type 2 diabetes ) as a monotherapeutic agent or in conjunction with sulfonylureas . It is therefore one of the oral antidiabetic agents . Since October 2015, Miglitol has been out of trade in Germany due to its moderate effectiveness in clinical studies.

pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Miglitol inhibits the enzyme α-glucosidase in the intestine . This delays the breakdown of polysaccharides in simple sugars , depending on the dose , and the blood sugar does not rise as quickly after a meal. The absorption of glucose from the small intestine is not affected. Miglitol only works in the intestine.

Pharmacokinetics

The proportion of the active ingredient that appears in the bloodstream after oral ingestion is dose-dependent. Up to 25 mg miglitol are almost completely absorbed into the bloodstream, 50 mg to 90%, 100 mg only to 60%. The active ingredient is mainly distributed in the extracellular space . Less than 4% bind to plasma proteins. Excretion is unchanged and almost completely via the kidneys , only less than 1% via the bile . The half-life in healthy volunteers is between two and three hours.

Side effects

Miglitol alone cannot cause hypoglycaemia , but it can increase the blood sugar-lowering effect of insulin and sulphonylureas.

Since miglitol delays the breakdown of carbohydrates , they can increasingly reach the large intestine undigested and very often cause symptoms in the form of flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and often nausea and constipation ( dyspepsia ).

Contraindications

Severe renal insufficiency is a contraindication.

Trade names

Monopreparations

Diastabol (A, D, CH, EU), Glyset (USA)

literature

  • Richard Daikeler, Götz Use, Sylke Waibel: Diabetes. Evidence-based diagnosis and therapy. 10th edition. Kitteltaschenbuch, Sinsheim 2015, ISBN 978-3-00-050903-2 , p. 156 f.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Merck Index . An Encyclopaedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. 14th edition, 2006, p. 1067, ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1 .
  2. ↑ a b Miglitol data sheet at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on October 31, 2016 ( PDF ).

Web links