Mirlande Manigat

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Mirlande Manigat (2011)

Mirlande Manigat (born November 3, 1940 in Miragoâne ; actually Mirlande Hippolyte ) is a Haitian politician. The professor of constitutional law founded the Rassemblement des Démocrates Nationaux Progressistes d'Haiti (RDNP) party, of which she is general secretary , with her husband, the former Haitian President Leslie Manigat (1930–2014) . In the 2010/11 elections , she ran as a presidential candidate.

Life

Education and marriage to Leslie Manigat

Mirlande Manigat was born as Mirlande Hippolyte . The daughter of a military man and a housewife grew up with four siblings. After high school, she toyed with the idea of ​​studying medicine, but then switched to the École normal supérieure in Haiti. This was followed by a stay in Paris, where Hippolyte studied law, history and international relations at the Sorbonne and at the Institut d'études politiques de Paris (Sciences Po). In 1968 she received her doctorate in political science.

In 1970 Hippolyte married Leslie Manigat , ten years her senior, in Meudon, France , whose name she adopted. The former employee in the Haitian Foreign Ministry and university professor went into exile in France in 1963 after differences with the regime of François Duvalier ("Papa Doc"). There Leslie Manigat taught as a professor at the Institute for Political Studies and met Hippolyte as a student. The couple left France in 1974 and moved to Trinidad , where Mirlande Manigat's husband became director of the Institute of International Relations at the University of the West Indies . Her husband would have wanted to live closer to his home, so Manigat about the departure from Europe. In 1978 the Manigats moved to Caracas , Venezuela , where both lectureships in political science at the Universidad Simón Bolívar followed.

First Lady of Haiti and Senator

At the end of the 1970s, the couple had started building the Rassemblement des Démocrates Nationaux Progressistes d'Haiti (RDNP), the party of the "Progressive National Democrats". After this had orientated itself briefly on the Socialist International , cooperation with the Christian Democrats was preferred at the international level . After the overthrow of President Jean-Claude Duvalier ("Baby Doc"), the couple returned to Haiti in 1986, like many other opposition figures.

In January 1988, Manigat's husband won the presidential and parliamentary elections in Haiti, decided by General Henri Namphy's government . These were considered to be the first democratic elections in the Caribbean state, but were boycotted by the four most popular candidates, which is why the voter turnout was officially given at 35 percent. However, independent observers only spoke of 10 to 15 percent. Mirlande Manigat herself won a seat in the Haitian Senate. As First Lady of the country officiated Manigat to June 1988. Her husband was deposed after five months in office of Namphy, after changes in the army top want to impose.

In 2006, Manigat refused to join the Senate again after describing Leslie Manigat's electoral defeat by René Préval as unfair. Monitored by the UN mission MINUSTAH , the elections took place under largely peaceful, but sometimes chaotic conditions. Therefore, the electoral council changed the method of calculation to avoid a second ballot and possible violent unrest.

Presidential candidate 2010/11

In 2010 the RDNP general secretary ran for president. The elections were postponed to November 28, 2010 after a severe earthquake . The 70-year-old Manigat competed against Jude Célestin (Inité), the candidate and son-in-law of the ruling René Préval, who was not allowed to participate in re-election. With her movement of the center-left, the respected professor of constitutional law stands for the educated and cosmopolitan Haiti, which is why she has been endorsed above all by the middle class and intellectuals, but also by the international community. She would have shared many of the positions of the popular musician Wyclef Jean , who was not eligible for election, and conveyed confidence and trust through her grandmotherly image (nickname: "Mommy"), according to well-known Haitian historian and political analyst Georges Michel. Foreign media described Manigat as a conservative politician, but some voices said that her policies were more liberal and democratic with regard to the United States. During the election campaign, Manigat's husband, Leslie, barely appeared.

Manigat names Konrad Adenauer , the Chilean Michelle Bachelet and the Brazilian Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva as political role models . Le Nouvelliste , Haiti's largest daily newspaper, spoke of her as a “woman of consensus” who had “an ideal profile for a country renaissance”. Manigat's advertising campaign was in Creole (motto: "Ban m Manman m", German: "Give me my mother"). With her government program under the title changer la vie (Eng .: "change life"), she mainly addressed the Haitian youth and the "brave Haitian women". Manigat stood up for education as well as the reconstruction and development of the country after the natural disaster and against social injustice and corruption. Her experience made her immune to "vanity, ambition, above all wealth and fame," said Manigat. She advocated government monthly grants for families with three or more children. She also planned to introduce insurance coverage for police officers and wage increases for teachers. In the debate about the 15th constitutional article she advocated dual citizenship for compatriots living abroad. These transfer more than two billion US dollars to Haiti annually. At the same time, she criticized the UN mission MINUSTAH as unconstitutional and, if elected, planned to rebuild the armed forces that had been disbanded in 1994. However, they did not consider an immediate departure of the MINUSTAH troops, as this could have represented a security deficit. Like other candidates, she did not comment in detail on a possible judicial reform and issues such as impunity, the prison system and the independence of the judiciary.

When the election results were announced at the beginning of December 2010, Manigat received the most votes (31.37 percent), followed by government candidate Célestin (22.48 percent) and the popular but politically inexperienced singer Michel "Sweet Micky" Martelly (21, 84 percent). However, none of the candidates came above the necessary 50 percent mark for a direct election, while only 23 percent of the registered voters took part. A runoff between Manigat and Célestin was scheduled for January 16, 2011, but did not take place after the Organization of American States (OAS) expressed doubts about the outcome. There would have been evidence of electoral fraud in favor of Celestin, whereupon the organization recommended that the Haitian Provisional Electoral Council expel the candidate. Manigat himself and twelve other opposition candidates called for the election to be annulled on the grounds of falsification and fraudulent maneuvers. After seeing projections at the top, she refrained from doing so, whereupon her fellow campaigners accused her of tactics and intrigue.

In the runoff election on March 20, 2011, Manigat took on Michel Martelly. Célestin was thus eliminated as a presidential candidate. Surveys shortly before the runoff election had only confirmed Manigat 46.4 percent of the vote and predicted an election victory for Martelly, who was supported by Wyclef Jean. After the electoral council postponed the announcement of the preliminary result due to a high degree of “fraud and irregularities of various kinds” by four days to April 4, 2011, Michel Martelly emerged victorious with 67.57 percent of the votes. 31.7 percent of the voters voted for Manigat. In the event of an election victory, she would have been the first freely elected President of Haiti and, after the acting Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (1990–1991), the second woman to head the Caribbean state.

Private life

The marriage with Leslie Manigat, which lasted until his death in 2014, resulted in a daughter who now lives in Togo . Mirlande Manigat is fluent in French, Creole, Spanish and English. She has written several books on constitutional law and is currently Vice-Rector of the private Université Quisqueya in Port-au-Prince . In her free time, the devout Catholic is interested in period films, classical music and crime novels.

Publications

  • 1995: Plaidoyer pour une nouvelle Constitution
  • 2000: Traité de Droit Constitutionnel Haïtien (two volumes)
  • 2002: Être femme en Haïti, here et aujourd'hui. Le regard des Constitutions, des Lois et de la société
  • 2004: Manuel de Droit Constitutionnel
  • 2006: Entre les normes et les réalités. Le Parlement Haïtien (1806-2006)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Camille Le Tallec: Mirlande Manigat - Candidate à l'élection présidentielle . In: La Croix , November 29, 2010, No. 38829 (accessed via LexisNexis Wirtschaft ).
  2. ↑ a b c Leslie Manigat . In: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 19/2001 from April 30, 2001, supplemented by news from MA-Journal up to week 13/2006 (accessed via Munzinger Online ).
  3. ↑ a b Tim Padgett, Jessica Desvarieux: The Woman Who Would Be Haiti's Next President . time.com, November 15, 2010; Retrieved January 15, 2011.
  4. ^ A b Don Bohning: Haitian Called No Puppet . In: The Miami Herald , January 25, 1988, p. 1.
  5. ↑ René Préval . In: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 04/2010 from January 26th 2010, supplemented by news from MA-Journal up to week 48/2010 (accessed via Munzinger Online ).
  6. ^ A b Peter Burghardt: Mirlande Manigat - Haitian grandmother with presidential opportunities . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , November 27, 2010, p. 4.
  7. ^ Thierry Portes: Haiti - le candidat du pouvoir hors jeu de la présidentielle . In: Le Figaro , February 4, 2011, p. 8.
  8. ↑ a b Slow Rebuilding In Haiti Complicated By Politics - Conversation between Neal Conan and Jacqueline Charles in Talk of the Nation ( National Public Radio ), March 17, 2011, 2:00 PM EST (transcript accessed via LexisNexis Wirtschaft ).
  9. ↑ Interview with Sandra Weiss at blickpunkt-latein America.de, November 23, 2011; accessed January 16, 2011.
  10. ↑ Chantal, Roromme: Mirlande Manigat à la présidence ( Memento of the original from January 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lenouvelliste.com archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at lenouvelliste.com, November 24, 2010; accessed January 15, 2011.
  11. ↑ a b c Pierre, Gotson ( EFE ): Últimos días de la campaña presidencial en Haití ante comicios del domingo . March 15, 2011, 4:53 PM GMT, Port-au-Prince (accessed via LexisNexis Economy ).
  12. ↑ a b SDA: Mirlande Manigat veut “  changer la vie  ” en prenant la présidence . March 17, 2011, Port-au-Prince, 12:34 PM CET (accessed via LexisNexix Economy ).
  13. ↑ a b Dorothea Hahn: Haiti's best placed . In: the daily newspaper, December 9, 2010, p. 2.
  14. ↑ a b c autobiography ( memento of the original dated December 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at rdnphaiti.org (French); Retrieved January 15, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rdnphaiti.org
  15. ↑ Dual Citizenship in Haiti: Fight in All Directions! ( Memento of the original from January 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hispaniolanews.net archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at hispaniolanews.net, July 26, 2009; Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  16. ↑ SDA : Biography / Portrait Lawyer versus Pop Star: The candidates in the runoff election in Haiti . March 18, 2011, Port-au-Prince, 3:51 PM CET (accessed via LexisNexis Wirtschaft ).
  17. ↑ Results ( Memento of the original from February 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at haitielections2010.com (French); Retrieved January 15, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.haitielections2010.com
  18. ↑ a b Les Haïtiens appelés aux urnes pour élire leur président at lepoint.fr, March 19, 2011; Retrieved March 20, 2011.
  19. ↑ Christine Keck: The looter in the sanctum . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung , January 12, 2011, p. 3.
  20. ^ Hans-Ullrich Dillmann: Dispute over candidacy in Haiti . In: the daily newspaper, January 12, 2011, p. 10.
  21. ^ Haiti is stumbling into political chaos at sueddeutsche.de, November 29, 2010; Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  22. ↑ Mirlande Manigat et Michel Martelly au second tour ( Memento of the original from February 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at haitielections2010.com, February 3, 2011; Retrieved February 3, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.haitielections2010.com
  23. ↑ AFP: Irregularities delay announcement of election results in Haiti . March 30, 2011, Port-au-Prince (accessed via LexisNexis Wirtschaft ).
  24. ^ Musician Martelly wins presidential election ( memento from April 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) at tagesschau.de, April 5, 2011; Retrieved April 5, 2011.
  25. ↑ Singer becomes President of Haiti . Zeit Online , April 5, 2011; Retrieved April 5, 2011.
personal data
SURNAME Manigat, Mirlande
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hippolyte, Mirlande (maiden name); Manigat, Mirlande Hippolyte; Hippolyte-Manigat, Mirlande; Manigat, Mirlande Hippolyte-; Manigat, Mirlande H.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Haitian politician and political scientist
DATE OF BIRTH November 3, 1940
PLACE OF BIRTH Miragoâne , Haiti