Growth regulator

Growth regulators are pesticides used to influence plant growth. This term covers both natural ( phytohormones ) and synthetic substances. They are used, for example, to increase the stability of cereals by shortening the length of the stalk ( shortening the stalk or better internode shortening ), improving the rooting of cuttings , reducing the height of the plants by compressing them in horticulture or preventing the germination of potatoes. They used to be referred to as “biological process control means” (MBP). They are phytohormones or their synthetic analogues. Other names for active ingredients in this area are growth regulators or germ inhibitors.

The chemical sprout inhibitors for potatoes approved in Germany until July 31, 2019 were mostly based on CIPC ( chlorpropham ). It was allowed to be sold until January 31, 2020 and can be used until October 8, 2020. It is then subject to disposal. Potato stores must be cleaned after the last use. Alternative is in addition controlled storage conditions and suitable choice of potatoes (z. B. Belana ) to extend the dormancy of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene (1,4-DMN), which is applied in cold or hot fogging in potato warehouses. It occurs naturally in potatoes and acts as a phytohormone ( inhibiting auxin ).

Overview

According to Hans Ulrich Haas:

• 1930s
  • Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)
  • 4- (Indol-3-yl) butyric acid (IBA) *
  • 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) *
  • Gibberellic Acid (GA) *
• 1940s
  • Dichloroprop (2,4-DP)
  • 2,4,5-T
  • 2,4-D *
  • Maleic hydrazide *
  • Tecnazen
  • 3-CPA
• 1950s
  • Kinetin
  • Benzyladenine (BAP) *
  • Thidiazuron
  • Gibberellin GA3
  • Carbaryl : Sevin
  • 4-CPA
  • Chlorpropham (CIPC) *
  • Chlormequat (CCC)
• 1960s
  • Ethephon : Ethrel
  • Abscisic acid
  • Abscisin II
  • Chlorflurenol
  • Daminocide *
• 1970s
  • Ancymidol
  • Mepiquat
  • Dimethipine
  • Chlorophonium chloride
  • Dikegulac *
  • Mefluidid
  • Ethyl chlorocate
  • Flumetralin
• 1980s
  • Brassinosteroids
  • Oligosaccharides
  • Uniconazole -P
  • Forchlorfenuron *
  • Paclobutrazole *
  • Hydrogen cyanide
  • Hallway primidol
  • Inabenfid
  • Phthalimide
  • Trinexapac : Moddus *
• 1990s
  • Cyclanilide
  • Prohexadion : Regalis *
  • 1-methylcyclopropene : SmartFresh *
  • Jasmonate
  • Aviglycine (aminoethoxyvinylglycine): AVG
  • Monoterpenes
• 2000s
  • Phospholipids
  • Trans-2-ketones

Influence on gender expression

By supplying growth regulators, the gender expression can be influenced, especially in mono- and dioecious plants . A high supply of auxin generally leads to the formation of female flowers, a high supply of gibberel leads to male flowers.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Amarjit S. Basra: Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture and Horticulture: Their Role and ... Routledge, 2000, ISBN 1-56022-891-1 , pp. xiii .
2. ↑ Stefan Bohres, Chamber of Agriculture North Rhine-Westphalia: Germ inhibition in potatoes ( memento from July 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 82 kB), October 2012.
3. ↑ EU approval for the active ingredient chlorpropham in plant protection products not renewed . Communication from the Federal Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety dated June 21, 2019. Accessed on May 21, 2020.
4. ↑ Debbie Rees, Graham Farrell, John Orchard: Crop Post-Harvest: Science and Technology, Volume 3: Perishables . Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, ISBN 978-0-632-05725-2 , pp. 338 .
5. ↑ https://belchim-agro.de/produkte/14-sight/ Retrieved on May 21, 2020.
6. ↑ Wolfgang Krämer, Ulrich Schirmer, Peter Jeschke, Matthias Witschel: Modern Crop Protection Compounds: Herbicides, Volume 1 . Wiley-VCH, 2011, ISBN 978-3-527-32965-6 , pp. 524 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
7. ↑ The growth regulators marked with * are currently approved.
8. ↑ Heinz Jansen: Horticultural plant production: Basics of cultivation under glass and plastics . Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 978-3-8252-1278-0 , p. 177.