Daminocide

Structural formula
General
Surname	Daminocide
other names	Succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide
Molecular formula	C 6 H 12 N 2 O 3
Brief description	white solid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 1596-84-5 EC number 216-485-9 ECHA InfoCard 100,014,988 PubChem 15331 ChemSpider 14593 Wikidata Q424372
properties
Molar mass	160.17 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	154-155 ° C
solubility	easily in water (100 g l −1 at 25 ° C) easily in methanol and acetone
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances no GHS pictograms H and P phrases H: no H-phrases P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data	8400 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral ) > 5000 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rabbit ,  transdermal )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Daminozid or SADH (from English S uccinic a cid d imethyl h ydrazide ) is an active ingredient for plant protection and a chemical compound from the group of carboxylic acid hydrazides and carboxylic acids .

Extraction and presentation

Daminocide can be obtained from dimethylnitrosamine .

properties

Daminocide is a flammable white solid that is easily soluble in water. The technical product typically contains more than 99% daminocide with traces of water, succinic acid , succinic anhydride and a salt of daminocide and asymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH). The latter also occurs as a metabolite of daminocide.

use

Daminocide is used as an active ingredient in crop protection products. It is a plant growth regulator that is one of the growth inhibitors . It was previously used in fruit and wine growing to improve the balance between vegetative growth and fruit formation. Daminozid promotes the formation of flowers if the growth is too strong, it is applied for new growth of 15 cm shoot length. With Daminozid, the fruit ripeness of apples can be synchronized and the color can be brought forward ( ripe sprayed ). The application takes place 45-60 days before harvest with a concentration of 850 to 1700 ppm.

In 1963 it was approved for use in potted chrysanthemums in the USA. From 1968 to 1989 the active ingredient was mainly used in apples. The manufacturer voluntarily withdrew approval for use in food-producing plants in 1989 after the Environmental Protection Agency had proposed a ban due to high cancer risks. Use on ornamental plants remained permitted in the USA.

In Switzerland, Austria and Germany, plant protection products containing daminozide as an active ingredient are approved. In Germany, the use of plants that are intended for the production of food is prohibited.

Trade names

Alar, SADH, Kylar, B-Nine, B-995, Aminocide, Dazide

literature

• Amarjit S. Basra: Plant growth regulators in agriculture and horticulture . 2001, ISBN 978-1-56022-891-2 ( page 91 in the Google book search).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Entry on daminocide in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on May 9, 2017(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Pesticide Information Profiles Daminocide. extoxnet, June 1996, accessed August 1, 2011 . 
3. ↑ Data sheet Daminozid from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on August 10, 2020 ( PDF ).
4. ↑ ^{a b} Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR), Monograph für Daminozide , accessed December 9, 2014.
5. ↑ Lucas' Instructions for Fruit Growing, 31st edition 1992, p. 207.
6. ↑ Daminozide. (PDF; 56 kB) EPO, accessed August 1, 2011 . 
7. ^ Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on Daminozide in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on March 12, 2016.
8. ↑ Claus-Jürgen Estler, Harald Schmidt: Pharmacology and Toxicology . 2006, ISBN 978-3-7945-2295-8 ( page 1016 in the Google book search).