Moltke class

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Moltke
The Moltke
The Moltke
Ship data
country German EmpireGerman Empire (Reichskriegsflagge) German Empire Turkey
TurkeyTurkey 
Ship type Battle cruiser
Shipyard Blohm & Voss , Hamburg
Construction period 1909 to 1912
Launch of the type ship April 7, 1910
Units built 2
period of service 1911 to 1973
Ship dimensions and crew
length
186.6 m ( Lüa )
186.0 m ( KWL )
width 29.4 m
Draft Max. 9.19 m
displacement Construction: 22,979 t
Maximum: 25,400 t
 
crew 1,053 men
Machine system
machine 24 × water tube boilers
2 × Parsons turbines
Machine
performance 		85,782 hp (63,093 kW)
Top
speed 		28.4 kn (53 km / h)
propeller 4 three-leaf 3.74 m
Armament
  • 10 × Sk 28.0 cm L / 50 (810 shots)
  • 12 × Sk 15.0 cm L / 45 (1,800 shots)
  • 12 × Sk 8.8 cm L / 45 (3,000 shots)
  • 4 × torpedo tube ⌀ 50.0 cm (11 torpedoes)
Armor
  • Belt: 100-270 mm on 50 mm teak
  • Citadel: 200 mm
  • Casemate: 150 mm
  • Deck : 50 mm
  • Torpedo bulkhead: 30-50 mm
  • front command tower: 80-350 mm
  • aft command tower: 50–200 mm
  • Towers : 90–230 mm
  • Shields: 70 mm

The Moltke- class was a class of two large cruisers of the German Imperial Navy , named after Prussian generals.

history

Design and construction

Compared to the previous Von der Tann , there were some modern new design features. Armament, armor and speed were increased, which also increased the displacement. The main artillery was installed in 5 twin towers - one tower on the front deck, two towers aft, and two towers staggered on the side. In the case of the two four-high towers, a raised tower was used for the first time in German warship construction. H. the front, raised tower could overshoot the rear tower. The number of boilers has been increased by 6 to 24. The maximum vapor pressure was 16 to 18 atmospheres. Constructive improvements in this area did not appear again until the 1920s, so that increases in performance could only be achieved by increasing the number.

The two ships were built by Blohm & Voss in Hamburg from 1909 to 1911 .

SMS Moltke

The Moltke was put into service on September 30, 1911 and then belonged to the I. Reconnaissance Group.

First World War

On January 24, 1915, she took part in the battle on the Dogger Bank. On August 19, 1915, the Moltke was torpedoed by the British submarine E 1 in the Baltic Sea .

After restoration, the Moltke took part in the naval battle of the Skagerrak on May 31, 1916 as the fourth ship of the 1st reconnaissance group under Vice Admiral Franz von Hipper .

On April 23, 1918, the Moltke was badly damaged while attempting to attack a British convoy in the North Sea near Norway. She had to be dragged back from the Oldenburg to Wilhelmshaven . On the way back, the Moltke was torpedoed by the British submarine E 42 , but reached the port with 2,100 t of water in the ship. The Moltke was in the shipyard until August .

Whereabouts

After the war she was interned in Scapa Flow and sunk with the rest of the ocean fleet on June 21, 1919 , when it turned out that the victorious powers would not surrender the confiscated ships. The wreck was lifted in 1927 and scrapped in Rosyth in 1929 .

SMS Goeben

The Goeben was launched on March 28, 1911 and was assigned to the Mediterranean Division under Wilhelm Souchon in 1912 .

First World War

On October 28, 1914 Souchon led his squadron into the Black Sea and the next day shelled the port of Sevastopol and then the port of Odessa , with the Russian mine sweeper Prut being sunk. Thereupon Russia declared war on Turkey on November 2, 1914. In the following four years the Goeben operated mainly in the Black Sea against the Russian fleet and its ports. From August 1914 the cruiser drove under the Ottoman flag and was named Yavuz Sultan Selim (later Yavuz for short ).

On January 20, 1918, Goeben undertook a sortie with the Ottoman fleet from the Dardanelles and encountered British units near the island of Imbros . The M28 and Raglan monitors were sunk, but the Ottoman flotilla got caught in a minefield. The Goeben was able to return to the Dardanelles in spite of three mine hits and be set aground there. There she survived several English attempts to bomb her and was brought to Constantinople on January 26, 1918 .

Whereabouts

Due to the war damage, the ship remained inoperable and useless in the port until 1926, but was taken over by the Turkish Navy . Then it was completely overhauled by the Penhoet shipyard from St. Nazaire until 1930 in Istanbul. After that it was put back into service as Yawuz Selim . In 1936 the name was shortened to Yavuz and from 1948 the former Goeben was only used as a stationary ship as a traditional ship.

The ship was advertised for sale in 1963, sold in 1971, finally decommissioned on June 7, 1973 and scrapped by February 1976.

photos

  • The Moltke on a visit to New York in 1912

  • The Moltke also on her visit to the USA in 1912

  • Cruiser Goeben flying the Turkish flag

  • Cruiser Goeben in Stenia, on the European side of the Bosporus

literature

  • Gröner, Erich / Dieter Jung / Martin Maass: The German warships 1815-1945 . tape 1 : Armored ships, ships of the line, battleships, aircraft carriers, cruisers, gunboats . Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7637-4800-8 , p. 82 .
  • Bernd Langensiepen , Dirk Nottelmann , Jochen Krüsmann: Half moon and imperial eagle , Breslau and Goeben on the Bosporus 1914–1918, Mittler & Sohn Verlag, ISBN 3-8132-0588-6
  • Erwin Strohbusch: Warship building since 1848 , German Maritime Museum, Bremerhaven 1984
  • Dan Van Der Vat: The Ship That Changed the World: The Escape of the Goeben to the Dardanelles in 1914. - London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1985

Web links

Commons : Moltke class  - collection of images, videos, and audio files