Mongolian horse jumper
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Mongolian horse jumper ( Allactaga sibirica ), specimen in the Natural History Museum in Geneva |
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| Allactaga sibirica | ||||||||||||
| ( Forster , 1778) |
The Mongolian horse diver ( Allactaga sibirica ) is a species of rodent belonging to the genus of the horse diver ( Allactaga ). It occurs in arid regions in parts of Central Asia.
features
The Mongolian horse diver reaches a head-trunk length of 13.0 to 17.0 centimeters with a tail of 18 to 23 centimeters in length . The animals weigh 82 to 140 grams. The rear foot length is 67 to 76 millimeters, the ear length 41 to 57 millimeters. It is correspondingly a smaller species of the genus with long ears and hind feet. The fur on the back and the sides of the body are variable in color - but mostly dark pale brown with light smoky gray waves or sand yellow. There is a white spot on the outside of the hips and the belly side is white. The tip of the snout and the nose are dark brown, the ears are as long as the head. The tail is pale rust-red and the tip of the tail is very hairy with a broad and distinct black band on the top of the tail and a white tip. The hind feet have five well-developed toes that are separated from each other, the first toe being longer than the fifth.
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The skull has a total length of 36 to 47 millimeters. The snout area is narrower than that of the great horse jumper ( Allactaga major ), the tympanic bladders are small and set far apart. Like all species of the genus have the animals in the upper jaw half per one to a incisor tooth formed incisor (incisor) to which a tooth gap ( diastema follows). This is followed by a premolar and three molars . In contrast, the animals do not have a premolar in the lower jaw. In total, the animals have a set of 18 teeth. The upper incisors are clearly prominent.
distribution
The Mongolian horse jumper occurs in desert areas in parts of Central Asia from Turkmenistan , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan to Mongolia , the Russian regions of Tuva and Transbaikalia and the north of the People's Republic of China . In the People's Republic of China, it is found in the provinces of Xinjiang , Hebei , Nei Mongol , Heilongjiang , Jilin , Shanxi , Shaanxi , Ningxia , Gansu and Qinghai .
Way of life
The Mongolian horse jumper is largely nocturnal, especially in spring and autumn also crepuscular. It lives in open and dry, gravelly and loamy desert and semi-desert areas as well as in steppe regions and in mountain steppes up to heights of 3500 meters. Like all species of the genus, it is adapted to rapid locomotion through wide jumps that can reach a length of up to 2 meters. The species feeds omnivorous insects (grasshopper, beetles), seeds, stalks and leaves of plants. The proportion of insects in the diet is compared to other species of the genus high, in the spring, the Mongolian allactaga but fed almost exclusively by the flower buds of the yellow stars belonging Gagea uniflora .
The species lives as a loner and digs burrows that are between 35 and 65 centimeters deep and can have corridors up to 5 meters long. Compared to those of the Great Horse Jumper, they are simply built and have one to three entrances. Temporary structures are only about 1.2 meters long and a maximum of 30 centimeters deep. From September to April, the animals hibernate in lined nest chambers under construction. The breeding season is from April to May, the females get one to two litters with two to five young animals each, whereby litters of eight or nine young animals have also been documented.
Systematics
The Mongolian horse diver is classified as an independent species within the genus of the horse diver ( Allactaga ), which consists of eleven species. The first scientific description comes from John Reinold Forster from 1778, who described the species on the basis of individuals from Chita Oblast in Russia near Lake Tarei-Nur ; he used the scientific name Yerbua sibirica .
Status, threat and protection
The Mongolian horse jumper is classified as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). This is justified with the large distribution area and the large populations of the species, there are no known risks to the population. No data is available on the actual size of the population.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Andrew T. Smith: Great Jerboa. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , pp. 201-202.
- ↑ Andrew T. Smith: Mongolian Five-Toad Jerboa. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , pp. 201-202.
- ↑ a b c d Allactaga sibirica in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014.3. Posted by: N. Batsaikhan, D. Avirmed, D. Tinnin, G. Sukhchuluun, D. Lkhagvasuren, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
- ↑ Allactaga sibirica ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 volumes. 3. Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
- ↑ John Reinold Forster: Description på Djuret Yerbua capensis, with Anmårkningar om Genus Yerbuae. Kungl. Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar 39, 1778, pp. 108-119 (p. 112) ( Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
literature
- Andrew T. Smith: Mongolian Five-Toad Jerboa. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , pp. 201-202.
Web links
- Allactaga sibirica inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014.3. Posted by: N. Batsaikhan, D. Avirmed, D. Tinnin, G. Sukhchuluun, D. Lkhagvasuren, 2008. Retrieved August 11, 2015.