Monnina salicifolia

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Monnina salicifolia
Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Finial family (Polygalaceae)
Genre : Monnina
Type : Monnina salicifolia
Scientific name
Monnina salicifolia
Ruiz & Pav.

Monnina salicifolia is a shrub art from the family of polygalaceae (Polygalaceae), which in the South American Andes occurs.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Monnina salicifolia is a 0.5–2.5 m high shrub . The helically leafed, 1–5 mm thick twigs are knotty, grooved lengthways, downy-haired when young and later bald. The upper side runny, articulated, downy-haired petiole is 1–2.5 mm long. The simple and undivided, mostly elliptical, less often lanceolate leaf blade is 1.2–7 cm long and 0.7–2.5 cm wide, narrowed towards the base and blunt or less pointed at the front. At first it has fine downy hair and becomes bald with age. The entire spreading edge is slightly bent downwards. In addition to the slightly protruding midrib, the leaves have four to five pairs of lateral nerves.

Generative characteristics

The inflorescences are pointed, conical racemes that stand individually on a 5–12 mm long stem at the ends of the branches. They are 1–8 cm long and 0.9–1.2 cm wide; their axis is grooved lengthways and hairy downy. The triangular, pointed or acuminate, on the edge ciliate, single-veined bracts of the flowers are 1.4-3 mm long and 1.4-1.8 mm wide. They fall off early. The flower stalks are 1–1.4 mm long. The flower stalks and the undersides of the bracts are finely downy-haired.

The indigo blue zygomorphic , hermaphrodite flowers are 4.5–6.5 mm long. The inflorescence consists of five sepals and three petals. The three outer sepals, which are not fused together, are egg-shaped-triangular, blunt in front, ciliate on the edge and more or less hairy on the outside. The two lower ones are three-veined, 1.4–2.2 mm long and 1.6–2 mm wide. The 2.2-3 mm long and 1.8-2.4 mm wide upper sepal is five-nerved. The indigo blue, 5.6–6.8 mm long and 4.8–6 mm wide "wings", that is, the two enlarged inner sepals, are obovate, three to four veins and blunt at the base. They are lightly downy-haired on the outside and bald on the inside, but sometimes have some hair at the base. The lower petal forms the yellow-colored, approximately 5–7 mm long, 3–4 mm wide, three- to four-veined, at the base blunt, almost spherical folded "boat". This is three-lobed at the front, with a blunt to edged middle lobe, and downy-haired on the inside, but sometimes bald. The two upper petals are more or less elongated, spatulate and hairy down. The 3.8–4 mm long, bare stamens of the eight stamens are fused together for the majority of their length to form a sheath that is open on top, with 0.8–1.4 mm long free sections. The anthers open with almost terminal pores. The Upper constant, unilocular, bald ovary is ovoid, 1.6 to 2.8 mm long and 1-1.6 mm wide. It contains a single pendulous ovule . The 2.8 to 3.5 mm long, cylindrical, knee-shaped curved stylus is bare or more rarely - at var. Pilostylis - hairy. The bilobed scar consists of a pointed lower lobe and an upper one that carries a single papillary hump.

The solitary stone fruits only have a thin, fleshy outer pericarp . The ellipsoidal fruits are 4.8–6 mm long, 2.5–3.5 mm wide and have a bald, reticulate surface. When ripe they are deep purple to almost black in color.

The species can bloom and fruit all year round.

distribution and habitat

According to the Swedish botanist Bente Eriksen , Monnina salicifolia only occurs in a small area along the eastern Cordillera in central Peru . The species is therefore not treated in its processing of the genus Monnina for the Flora of Ecuador . An occurrence of the species in Bolivia is apparently still accepted today. In the south of Peru and Bolivia, the deposits are concentrated on the more humid northeastern edge of the mountains. The species can be found at altitudes between 1800 m and more than 4300 m. Occurrences in lower elevations are rare.

Monnina salicifolia grows in bush forests on the upper tree line, for example in those from species of the genus Polylepis , and in bushes above the tree line.

Taxonomy

The species was described in 1798 by the Spanish botanists Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón as one of six species of the genus Monnina , newly created in the same publication . The first description mentions occurrences in the Peruvian provinces of Huarochirí , Tarma and in the area of ​​the "Panatahua" ( Huánuco ). The Monnina crotalarioides DC described in 1824 . is a synonym .

Monnina salicifolia was defined relatively broadly by the Peruvian botanist Ramón Ferreyra , for example including Monnina cestrifolia ( Bonpl. ) Kunth , and would therefore occur along the Andes in the north to Colombia . In contrast, Eriksen sees the species as part of a complex group of species that can be confused. According to this view, the real Monnina salicifolia occurs only in central Peru.

With var. Pilostylis Ferreyra, a variety has been described from Peru , which differs from typical plants by a distinctly hairy style.

etymology

The specific epithet salicifolia is made up of Salix ( willow ) and Latin -folia ( -blättrig ). So it means willow-leaved and thus refers to the shape of the leaf blade. In the first description, lanceolate leaves ( foliis lanceolatis ) are attributed to the species , a spreading form that occurs in numerous willow species. The genus Monnina is named in honor of the Spanish statesman José Moñino, Conde de Floridablanca , who supported the expedition of the two authors Ruiz and Pavón to South America.

use

Ruiz and Pavón (1798) report that among the indigenous people of Peru, women often wash their hair with a cold infusion of this plant because it is said to have a cleansing and hair-strengthening effect.

swell

  • R. Ferreyra: A revision of the Peruvian species of Monnina. In: Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 27, 1946, pp. 123-167. (on-line)
  • R. Ferreyra: 4. Monnina R. & P. In: JF Macbride: Polygalaceae Lindl. In: Flora of Peru. Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 13 (3/3), 1950, pp. 913-948. (on-line)
  • H. Ruiz López, JA Pavón: Monnina. In: Systema Vegetabilium Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis. Tomus 1, 1798, pp. 169-174. (on-line)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Monnina salicifolia , Herbarium evidence at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 16, 2013.
  2. ↑ a b B. Eriksen: Species of Monnina with names first published by Bonpland in Hebeandra (Polygalaceae). In: Taxon. 45, 1996, pp. 631-640.
  3. ↑ B. Eriksen: 5. Monnina Ruiz & Pav. In: B. Eriksen, B. Ståhl, C. Persson: 102. Polygalaceae. In: G. Harling, L. Andersson (Eds.): Flora of Ecuador. No. 65. University of Göteborg, Riksmuseum, Stockholm 2000, ISBN 91-88896-21-8 , pp. 25-103.
  4. ^ Monnina at Tropicos.org. In: Bolivia Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 16, 2013.
  5. ↑ E. Fernández Terrazas: Estudio fitosociológico de los bosques de kewiña (Polylepis spp., Rosaceae) en la Cordillera de Cochabamba. In: Revista Boliviana de Ecología y Conservación Ambiental. 2, 1997, pp. 49-65. (PDF) ( Memento of the original dated February 22, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cedsip.org
  6. ↑ F. Parra Rondinel, J. Torres Guevara, A. Ceroni Stuva: Composición florística y vegetación de una Microcuenca andina: el Pachachaca (Huancavelica). In: Ecología Aplicada. 3, 2004, pp. 9-16. (Abstract)
  7. ↑ a b c H. Ruiz López, JA Pavón: Monnina. In: Systema Vegetabilium Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis. Tomus 1, 1798, pp. 172-173. (on-line)
  8. ^ R. Ferreyra: A revision of the Colombian species of Monnina (Polygalaceae). In: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 121 (3), 1953, pp. 1-59. (on-line)
  9. ^ R. Ferreyra: A revision of the Peruvian species of Monnina. In: Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 27, 1946, p. 158. (online)
  10. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 , p. 551 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  11. ^ H. Ruiz López, JA Pavón: Monnina. In: Systema Vegetabilium Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis. Tomus 1, 1798, p. 171. (online)

Web links

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