Montefeltro (noble family)

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Family coat of arms

The Montefeltro ( Montis feretri ) were an Italian noble family with property in the Marches and Romagna . In the 13th century they appeared as lords, from 1213 counts and from 1443 dukes of Urbino .

history

City and fortress of San Leo on Mons feretri

Around 1140 Antonio († 1184?), Son of Oddantonio von Carpegna , received the Montecopiolo Castle in an inheritance division with his brothers Guido and Galeazzo . While the brothers continued the Carpegna House, first mentioned in the counts in 1238, Antonio also acquired the San Leo Castle , the castle rock of which has been called Mons Feretrius since ancient times , after which the Montefeltro region is named.

In 1155, Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa appointed Antonio as imperial vicar for Urbino (as a territory claimed by the emperor in imperial Italy , against which, however, the popes asserted their older feudal rule); presumably he also carried the title of Lord of Montefeltro. His son Montefeltrano I (approx. 1135 - 1202) was also made imperial vicar and probably made Count of Montefeltro. In 1213 two of his sons were enfeoffed with the county of Urbino by Emperor Friedrich II .

The Malatesta , which compete with the Montefeltro, are also regarded as a split off branch of the Counts of Carpegna. In the struggles between loyal to the emperor and loyal to the papacy ( Ghibellines against Guelphs ) both initially sided with Emperor Frederick II , after his defeat at Parma in 1248 the main line of the Malatesta, Lords of Rimini, switched to the Guelphs with Malatesta da Verucchio , while Guido I da Montefeltro, Count of Urbino, became the leader of the Ghibellines in Romagna . The various family lines (Montefeltro, Malatesta, Carpegna) competed for supremacy in the region for a long time. In 1384 the city of Gubbio also submitted to the battle with its bishop, the Montefeltro. The House of Montefeltro rose to Duke of Urbino in 1443 as a result of the elevation of Pope Eugene IV. In the extended coat of arms they had both the imperial eagle and the papal St. Peter's key.

The most famous members of the family are:

Palazzo Ducale (Urbino)

The first nine generations (Antonio to Guido Antonio) are each father and son.

  • Antonio da Montefeltro, Vicar of Urbino 1155
  • Son , called Montefeltrino
  • Bonconte, Count of Urbino around 1236
  • Montefeltrano († 1255), Podestà of Urbino
  • Guido († 1298?) Count of Montefeltro
  • Federico, Count of Urbino 1298-1322, expelled
  • Rolfo († 1359)
  • Federico
  • Antonio († 1404), Count of Urbino, reinstated in 1375, got Gubbio in 1384
  1. Coat of arms as the dukes of Urbino (1443)
    Guido Antonio (Guidantonio) († February 21, 1443), follows in 1404
    1. Oddo Antonio (Oddantonio) (* 1426; † July 22, 1444), succeeded Papal Duke of Urbino in 1443 April 26, 1443 ⚭ 1444 Isotta d'Este (* April 27, 1425; † 1456) daughter of Niccolò III. d'Este
    2. Agnes da Montefeltro († 1447) ⚭ Alessandro Gonzaga († 1466), son of Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga of Mantua
    3. Federico da Montefeltro († 1482), illegitimate son of Guido Antonios, follows in 1444
      1. Guidobaldo I. da Montefeltro († April 11, 1508), followed in 1482 ⚭ 1486 Elisabetta Gonzaga (1471–1526), ​​daughter of Federico I Gonzaga of Mantua
      2. Giovanna da Montefeltro ⚭ Giovanni della Rovere
        1. Francesco Maria I della Rovere († 1538), adopted by Guidobaldo in 1504, Duke of Urbino in 1508

The House of Montefeltro rose to dukes of Urbino with Federico da Montefeltro in 1443, but died out with his son Guidobaldo da Montefeltro . The duchy fell in 1508 to the son of his sister Giovanna, Francesco Maria I della Rovere . Francesco Maria was expelled from Urbino by Lorenzo di Piero de 'Medici and was only able to recapture the duchy after his death in 1521. The last of the della Rovere family was Vittoria della Rovere , married to Ferdinand II. De 'Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany. She was considered the heir to the Duchy of Urbino , but after the death of her grandfather Francesco Maria II in 1631, Urbino fell to the Papal States . Vittoria died in Florence in 1694 and left the rich art collection of her ancestors, the Della Rovere and the Montefeltro, to the Uffizi . Only Lucrezia della Rovere († February 18, 1652), daughter of the illegitimate son of Cardinal Giulio della Rovere (a younger son of Francesco Maria I della Rovere), continued the family line. Through her marriage to Marcantonio Lante , Duke of Bomarzo, she founded the Lante Montefeltro della Rovere, Duchi di Bomarzo family, which still exists today and continues the names of the two extinct royal houses.

See also

literature

  • Paolo Dal Poggetto: Guida alla Galleria Nazionale delle Marche nel Palazzo Ducale di Urbino. Born, Rome 2006.

Web links

Commons : House of Montefeltro  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files