Mugnano in Teverina
| Mugnano in Teverina | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Panorama of Mugnano in Teverina | |||
| Country | Italy | ||
| region | Lazio | ||
| province | Viterbo (VT) | ||
| local community | Bomarzo | ||
| Coordinates | 42 ° 30 ' N , 12 ° 17' E | ||
| height | 133 m slm | ||
| Residents | 160 (2001) | ||
| patron | San Liberato (April 30th) | ||
| Telephone code | 0761 | CAP | 01020 |
Mugnano in Teverina , former Duchy of the Papal States , has been a district ( fraction , Italian frazione ) of the Italian municipality of Bomarzo in the province of Viterbo near the Tiber since the 1890s .
Geography and demography
Located on a spur of volcanic tufa on the Tiber, this small residential area rises to 133 m slm and is inhabited by a total of around 200 people, the majority of whom are over sixty years old.
Naming
According to the priest and archaeologist of the 19th century, Luigi Vittori, the name comes from the ancient city of Meonia, which was founded by the Etruscans near Bomarzo . The place itself is not identical with Meonia.
history
In an Etruscan necropolis , which was used until the late period, there are at least ten Etruscan tombs. The area was later inhabited as a Roman castrum along the Via Cassia , which connected Rome to Florence and of which a fragment is still preserved inside the ducal palace.
Mugnano is on the border between Lazio and Umbria , i. H. at the borders of the former core of the Papal States. Mugnano could have originated in 741 at the same time as Polymartium (Bomarzo).
The first precise information about the village comes from the Middle Ages . The first known lords of the castrum were the Mugnani, an important Guelph family from Orvieto . Around 1267 the castle became the property of the Orsini family (a Condottiere family). The cylindrical tower of Gothic architecture probably dates from this period.
After the election of Martin V Colonna as Pope in 1417, the duchy was first owned by Antonio Colonna , then the Farnese family. The castle walls were almost completely demolished in 1424.
After the death of the Pope, the Orsini family regained control of the region in 1432 and later rebuilt the existing palace under the direction of Carlo Orsini. The takeover of the fief by the Apostolic Chamber in 1587 was favored by the extinction of the direct branch of the Orsini. Only in 1707 did the Orsini regain possession of it. Since the referendum of October 2, 1870, it has been part of the Kingdom (later the Republic) of Italy.
architecture
The Church of Saints Vincent and Liberato
The church of San Liberato is mentioned for the first time in 1522. The plans for the new building go back to the year 1710, here the architects Andrea Giusti and Giovanni Sapori were commissioned with the construction. However, these could not finish the church by 1744. The church was consecrated after the restoration of the facade on October 15, 1848 by the Bishop of Bagnoregio , Felice Cantimori. From 2007 to 2008 the church was restored. The church building of the parish ( Diocese of Viterbo ) and its bell tower, circular at the square base at the top, is built on one of the two watchtowers of the medieval Gate of the Castrum (Porta Antica). The late Baroque style dominates, including medium quality trompe l'oeil and well-made painted marble-like marbles. In addition to a reliquary from San Liberato, there are also relics of four popes. It is the seat of the only brotherhood of Mugnano dedicated to Saint Liberato, who, in addition to his social role, is also responsible for the processions on holidays. Her red dresses with blue houppelande are adorned with a large gold medallion of the figure of the saint.
The Church of Santa Maria Assunta
The church dedicated to the Assumption of Mary is located in the center of the village on Piazza Vittorio Emanuele III opposite the Palazzo Orsini.
The Church of Santa Lucia
The church has a square bell tower made of volcanic tuff, a central bell tower above the apse and some unrestored frescoes.
The Church of St. Rochus
The church is not maintained by the parish but is owned by the diocese. It houses a fresco from the 17th century punctuated by almond-shaped windows typical of the time. Its sale was rejected or was unsuccessful in 1998.
The church of the cemetery
It was destroyed by a tornado in the late 1990s and contained medieval frescoes.
Ducal Palace Palazzo Orsini
The main building dates from the 14th century, but includes at least one tower from the 12th century, but its current appearance can be traced back to the construction work of the Duke of Mugnano, Carlo Orsini, at the beginning of the 16th century. He had the loggia built - possibly by the Peruzzi workshop. The loggia was surmounted by a triangular gable at least until the 18th century, reminiscent of an old temple, as the frescoes of the Ducal Palace of Bomarzo show. The building housed a tobacco factory from the 19th to the first half of the 20th century, is now used for guest rooms and was fully restored in 2010.
Mugnano Tower
The construction of the high cylindrical tower, also called Torre Orsini, initiated by the Orsini in the 13th or 14th century, dominates a Roman cistern. It is characterized by loopholes from a Gothic trilobal observation window and a crown stripe. He controlled the medieval access to the village.
fountain
They date from modern times or the present and are carved in yellow (see above) or gray ( Peperino ) volcanic tuff.
Domitius family stoves
In the area around Mugnano, two ovens were in operation between the 1st and 4th centuries AD, part of a factory made of bricks and other materials, which used the Tiber River for the manufacture and transport of products. Around 200 seals of the manufacturer, which mark its production, come from the two production sites. The analysis of these traces, which can be found, for example, in the monuments of ancient Rome, shows that the ovens belonged to the powerful Domitius family of senators for the first 150 years of their history and then to Marcus Aurelius between 155 and 161 AD , a descendant of the family. In addition to making building materials, the stoves specialized in the manufacture of two different types of containers. Dolia was found on site for the transport and storage of agricultural and food products as well as mortars.
Dolia and mortars stamped with Domitii's name were found throughout the Mediterranean and Scotland. They were mainly exported to Gaul, Hispania and North Africa via land and sea routes. On the Tiber, the products of the ovens, which were stacked on boats and barges, reached Rome and from there to the borders of the empire.
The Alzamaggio
Every year on April 30th, the village celebrates a festival in honor of the patron saint, San Liberato Martire. The rite begins at 4 p.m. and leads to the traditional elevation of a tall poplar tree in the colors of the brotherhood, which was previously blessed at the end of the mass and ends the triduum (three masses over three days) in honor of the saint. The elevation of the tree is an ancient festival of pagan origin that celebrates the fertility rite of reconciliation and the rebirth of the earth. The men of the committee meet at 4:00 p.m. in the village gardens, then they reach the meander of the Tiber in search of the most beautiful poplar that is carried on their shoulders into the village. The most exciting part concerns the lifting and transplanting of the tree, which is only done by hand, without pulleys, with ropes and ladders in a relatively small space in front of the loggia of the ducal palace. This tree, buried deep to withstand the winds, is not replaced until the following year. In the evening there is a citizens' meal.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ labottegadegliorsini: #VisitMugnanoInTeverina. In: La Bottega degli Orsini. April 28, 2016, accessed April 4, 2019 (Italian).
- ↑ a b c Paola Panetti: Mugnano in Teverina . canino.info, accessed April 9, 2019 (Italian)
- ↑ Luigi Vittori: Memorie archeologico-storiche sulla citta di Polimarzo oggi Bomarzo scritte dall'arcipr. Luigi Vittori. Monaldi tipografo, Rome 1846 ( google books ), p. 22
- ↑ a b c Chiesa dei Santi Vincenzo e Liberato <Mugnano in Teverina, Bomarzo> , website Chiese Italiane, Ufficio Nazionale per i beni culturali ecclesiastici e l'edilizia di culto e Servizio Informatico della Conferenza Episcopale Italiana, accessed on April 11, 2019 ( Italian)
- ↑ TusciaUp.com of April 25, 2015: Mugnano in Teverina festivals con alza maggio propiziatore. Retrieved July 30, 2019 (Italian)