Muhammad Ma Jian

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Ma Jian

Muhammad Ma Jian ( Chinese  馬 堅  /  马 坚 ; born June 6, 1906 in Shadian 沙 甸 , Gejiu , Yunnan , Qing Dynasty ; died 1978 in Beijing ) was an eminent Chinese scholar of Islam, university professor, philosophy historian , politician and translator. He translated the (entire) Koran into Chinese and contributed to the expansion of the academic study of Islam in his country.

biography

Ma Jian was born in June 1906 to a Hui Muslim family in Shadian Village, southwest China's Yunnan Province. At the age of fifteen he began studying Islamic, Chinese and Arabic cultures at a school in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province. He then studied Persian literature and classics with the famous teacher Hu Songshan (1880–1955) 虎 嵩山 in Guyuan , Ningxia . In 1928 he studied at the Shanghai Islam Normal School (Shanghai Yisilan Shifan Xuexiao), a seminar for teacher and clergy training. In 1931 he was selected by the former Chinese Islamic Study Society (Zhongguo Huijiao Xuehui 中国 回教 学会) to study at Azhar University in Cairo , Egypt, where he studied Arabic and Islamic philosophy. After graduating from Al-Azhar, he moved to Dār al-ʿulūm College in Cairo, where he graduated in 1939. After his return home, he worked in teaching and translations in Shanghai , Chongqing , Yunnan and other places. He was the editor of Qingzhen Duobao ( Islamic Bell ). In 1946 he became a professor in the Faculty of Oriental Languages ​​and Literature at Peking University and director of the Department of Arabic.

In 1949 he took part in the Political Consultative Conference of the Chinese People and was elected a member of the first CPPCC National Committee. Since 1954 he has been continuously elected to represent the First through Fifth National People's Congresses. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese Islamic Association and a member of the Chinese Asian-African Society.

In 1952 , along with Burhan Shahidi , Liu Geping , Saifuding Aizezi and Da Pusheng, he was one of those who called for the founding assembly of the Chinese Islamic Association , a national religious organization in China that claims to represent all Muslims in China .

At the beginning of the founding of New China, Professor Ma Jian was an interpreter for Mao Zedong , Liu Shaoqi , Zhou Enlai and other Chinese leaders during their conversations with Arab guests. On November 1, 1956, as large numbers of Chinese gathered in Tian'anmen Square in Beijing to support the Egyptian resistance to tripartite aggression during the Suez Crisis , Professor Ma Jian translated the Chinese government's statement, which was translated into the Arabic Welt was broadcast live, in 1958, in the same location, Professor Ma Jian translated the declaration of the Chinese government during the Lebanon crisis to support the struggle of the Lebanese and Jordanian people against colonialism, which was also broadcast directly in the Arab world.

In addition to the Koran, he also translated a large number of religious books and other Arabic books from the fields of history, traditional customs, religion, language and science into Chinese, as well as books and articles on Arabic-Islamic culture.

Conversely, he translated the Conversations of Confucius ( Lunyu ) - one of the central books of Confucianism - into Arabic and thus introduced the Arabs to Chinese culture, the core of which is Confucian thought.

Publications (selection)

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  • Zhongguo Huijiao gaiguan中国 回教 概 观 (Introduction to Islam in China)

Arabic-Chinese translations

  • Koran translation ( Gulanjing古兰经)
  • Alabo tongshi阿拉伯 通史, 美国 希提Philip K. Hitti , America
  • Huijiao zhenxiang回教 真相 ( al-Risala al-Hamidiya ) ， 黎巴嫩 候赛因 • 爱 勒 • 吉斯尔Husain al-Jisr (1845–1909), Lebanon
  • Huijiao zhexue回教 哲学 ， 埃及 穆罕默德 · 阿布 笃Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905), Egypt
  • Yisilan xueshi伊斯兰 哲学 史 ， 荷兰 第 · 博尔 Beijing: Zhonghua shuju 1958. Tjitze J. de Boer (Netherlands): History of Philosophy in Islam. Frommann, Stuttgart 1901

Chinese-Arabic translations

  • Lunyu论语 (Conversations of Confucius), arab.
  • Zhongguo shenhua gushi中国 神话 故事 (stories from Chinese mythology), arab.

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ The standard Chinese translation of the Koran that the King Fahd Complex printed for the printing of the Holy Koran in Medina in 1986, in which Arabic and Chinese texts were combined. (see norislam.com: 麦 地 那 印 经 局 )
  2. ↑ محمد مكين .. عالم مسلم عظيم محب الوطن - chinatoday.com.cn (accessed December 5, 2019)
  3. ↑ Sha Qiuzhen 沙 秋 真: Ma Jian 马 坚 - norislam.com (accessed December 5, 2019)
  4. ↑ On the first Chinese Azharites cf. mei.edu: Bringing China and Islam Closer: The First Chinese Azharites (Wlodzimierz Cieciura) - accessed December 6, 2019
  5. ↑ cf. Shuang Wen (2015: 28):

    "Ma Jian (1906-1978) and Na Zhong (1909-2008) were among the first group of Chinese Muslim students who were sent by the Chinese government in the 1930s and stayed in Egypt for as long as nine years. During those years, they were not simply students, but also cultural ambassadors and political representatives for the Republic of China during the second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) to counter Japanese influence in the Arab world. When they returned to China, they became the first generation of Chinese scholars on the Arab world. "

  6. ↑ محمد مكين .. عالم مسلم عظيم محب الوطن - chinatoday.com.cn (accessed December 5, 2019)
  7. ↑ Chinese 清真 铎 报 / 清真 鐸 報
  8. ↑ Article: " Ma Jian " in Zhongguo da baike quanshu (2nd A.)
  9. ↑ Article: " Ma Jian " in Zhongguo da baike quanshu (2nd A.)
  10. ↑ 达 浦 生 (1874–1965)
  11. ↑ 中国 伊斯兰教 协会 , Zhōngguó Yīsīlánjiào xiéhuì ; engl. Islamic Association of China
  12. ^ The Formation of Islamic Organizations and Their Activities in China
  13. ↑ محمد مكين .. عالم مسلم عظيم محب الوطن - chinatoday.com.cn (accessed December 5, 2019)

See also

literature

  • Hu Fan: Islam in Shaanxi: Past and Present. Diss. Bonn 2008 ( online )
  • Shuang Wen: Mediated Imaginations: Chinese-Arab Connections in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. Diss. Washington, DC 2015 ( Online )
  • Article: " Ma Jian " in Zhongguo da baike quanshu (2nd A.)
  • Mi Shoujiang & You Jia: Islam in China. 2004
  • Li Zenzhong 李振 中: Xuezhe de zhuijiu - Ma Jian zhuan 《学者 的 追求 —— 马 坚 传》 (Ningxia renmin chubanshe 宁夏 人民 出版, 2000)
  • Ma, Hai Yun (2006a) 'Patriotic and Pious Muslim Intellectuals in Modern China: the Case of Ma Jian', American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 23 (3): 54-70

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Ma Jian, Muhammad
ALTERNATIVE NAMES 馬 堅; 马 坚; Muhammad Makin; محمد ماكين الصيني
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chinese Muslim scholar, translator and educator
DATE OF BIRTH June 6, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH Shadian
DATE OF DEATH 1978
Place of death Beijing