NS series 4700
| NS series 4700 | |
|---|---|
 Locomotive 4701 shortly after delivery in 1945
|
|
| Numbering: | 4701-4735 |
| Number: | 35 |
| Manufacturer: | Nydqvist och Holm (NOHAB) |
| Year of construction (s): | 1945/46 |
| Retirement: | until 1958 |
| Axis formula : | D h3 |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 19,280 mm |
| Height: | 4280 mm |
| Service mass: | 74.8 t |
| Service mass with tender: | 127.8 t |
| Top speed: | 70 km / h |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1350 mm |
| Control type : | Walschaerts control |
| Number of cylinders: | 3 |
| Cylinder diameter: | 500 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 660 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 13 bar |
| Grate area: | 3.02 m² |
| Radiant heating surface: | 12.3 m² |
| Tubular heating surface: | 135.8 m² |
| Superheater area : | 50 m² |
| Water supply: | 22.5 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 7 tons of coal |
| Train brake: | Westinghouse |
The NS series 4700 was a freight train - Tender Locomotive series of Dutch Railways (NS). The 35 units of the series were built in 1945 and 1946 by the Swedish manufacturer Nydqvist och Holm (NOHAB) in Trollhättan . At the beginning of 1958, the last copies were taken out of service by the NS.
history
After the occupation of the Netherlands in the western campaign by the German Wehrmacht , the NS had to hand over a large number of locomotives to the Deutsche Reichsbahn . At the end of the war, 466 of the 866 steam locomotives nominally belonging to the NS had been driven to Germany, and 83% of the diesel and electric multiple units had been transported away. The Dutch government- in- exile in London therefore ordered 50 new steam locomotives from NOHAB in neutral Sweden as early as 1942 in order to alleviate the vehicle shortage expected at the end of the war, although the NS had originally assumed that after the end of the delivery of the NS class 6300 no more steam locomotives would be delivered procure.
In addition to the 15 express train locomotives of the NS series 4000 , they ordered 35 locomotives with the wheel arrangement D. NOHAB rebuilt these from the M3b series of the private Trafikaktiebolaget Grängesberg-Oxelösunds järnväger (TGOJ), as there was no time for a new design. The locomotives were approved in the Netherlands for a top speed of 70 km / h.
The first locomotive was delivered to Rotterdam by ship in August 1945, and another five machines followed by ship by October. The remaining locomotives were gradually transferred by land from Sweden via Denmark and Germany by July 1946. All locomotives were initially stationed in Amersfoort and used for all types of trains. In the years that followed, locomotives of the series came to railway depots in Maastricht , Roosendaal , Eindhoven and Amsterdam , among others , and the shortage of locomotives in the post-war period also meant that, in addition to their original application in freight transport, they also provided passenger services, occasionally also express train services. On December 5, 1945, locomotive 4704 hauled the first Pullman train between Amsterdam and Brussels .
After the war, the NS accelerated the electrification of the Dutch railway network, which was interrupted by the war. The 4700 series was therefore dispensable in passenger transport as early as 1947. All locomotives were brought together in the depots in Eindhoven and Heerlen , from where they were mainly used in the economically important coal traffic from the southern Limburg district . From 1953 the locomotives were used exclusively in South Limburg and stationed in Heerlen and Maastricht. They mainly drove coal trains from the individual mines in the area to the marshalling yard in Susteren , and from Maastricht they also reached the Belgian border station Visé in the Maas valley . The heavy coal trains sometimes required the use of push-pull locomotives .
In the course of 1957, most of the locomotives in the series were retired. Most recently, two machines from Maastricht were used as planned in December 1957 and performed their last scheduled services on December 31. Apart from the formal last trip of the 3737 on January 7, 1958 to the Nederlands Spoorwegmuseum in Utrecht , these were the last steam-hauled trains of the NS. All examples of the 4700 series were retired and scrapped in the course of 1958.
technology
Like the Series 4000, also supplied by NOHAB, the Series 4700 had many different features that were new and unfamiliar to Dutch railway workers. In accordance with the northern temperatures, the locomotives had a completely closed driver's cab. The drive was - unusual for the construction period and the preference for the simpler twin drive for locomotives of this size - designed as a triplet with three cylinders, each of which was operated by a Walschaerts control - external to the outer cylinders . Thanks to this drive, however, the locomotives had a very smooth running behavior. Sand container and steam dome had a joint panel, also a common feature in Sweden, as well as the one used Tender for a like used in Sweden designed by Karl Gölsdorf for his kkStB -Lokomotiven. The small smoke chamber door was typical of Swedish designs.
The roller bearings used on all axles and the automatically cleaning smoke chamber were technically advanced . The first four locomotives received cow catchers and large Swedish-style headlights ex works , both of which were of little use to the NS and were therefore removed again very soon. As with the 4000 series, the steel fire boxes were replaced by copper ones around 1950 . The small smoke chamber doors were replaced by a larger version, as they made it difficult to change pipes in the boiler. The electrical lighting of the engine, which was previously unknown to the NS, turned out to be helpful in terms of entertainment technology, as it led to the locomotives being nicknamed “De Kerstboom” (German: “The Christmas tree ”) among the staff .
literature
- Hans v. Poll: Steam locomotives of the Dutch Railways (NS), Part 3: The series 4000 and 4700. in: Lok-Magazin 86, September / October 1977, pp. 368–376
Individual evidence
- ↑ De Pullman rijdt weer. Spoorwegaffiches van Fedde Weidema; retours januari 2013 , (Dutch, accessed June 26, 2020)
- ↑ encyclopedie.beneluxspoor.net: Kerstboom ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 27, 2014
