NS series 4000
| NS series 4000 | |
|---|---|
 A NS 4000 1953 in Schiedam
|
|
| Numbering: | 4001-4015 |
| Number: | 15th |
| Manufacturer: | Nydqvist och Holm (NOHAB) |
| Year of construction (s): | 1946 |
| Retirement: | until 1956 |
| Axis formula : | 2'C h3 |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 20775 mm |
| Height: | 4280 mm |
| Service mass: | 83.6 t |
| Service mass with tender: | 136.6 t |
| Top speed: | 120 km / h |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1890 mm |
| Control type : | Walschaerts control |
| Number of cylinders: | 3 |
| Cylinder diameter: | 500 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 660 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 12 bar |
| Grate area: | 3.25 m² |
| Radiant heating surface: | 14.5 m² |
| Tubular heating surface: | 147 m² |
| Superheater area : | 50 m² |
| Water supply: | 22.5 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 7 tons of coal |
| Train brake: | Westinghouse |
The NS-4000 series was a fast train - Tender Locomotive series of Dutch Railways (NS). The 15 units of the series were built in 1946 by the Swedish manufacturer Nydqvist och Holm (NOHAB) in Trollhättan . As early as 1956, the last copy of this fastest NS passenger steam locomotive was taken out of service.
history
After the occupation of the Netherlands in the western campaign by the German Wehrmacht , the NS had to hand over a large number of locomotives to the Deutsche Reichsbahn . At the end of the war, 466 of the 866 steam locomotives nominally belonging to the NS had been driven to Germany, and 83% of the diesel and electric multiple units had been transported away. The Dutch government- in- exile in London therefore ordered new steam locomotives from NOHAB in neutral Sweden as early as 1942 in order to alleviate the vehicle shortage expected at the end of the war, although the NS had originally assumed that after the end of the delivery of the NS class 6300, it would no longer procure any steam locomotives .
In addition to 35 new freight locomotives of the NS class 4700 , it ordered 15 locomotives with a 2'C wheel arrangement for express train traffic. NOHAB copied it from the H3s series from the private Bergslagernas Järnvägar (BJ), which was approved for a top speed of 100 km / h , as there was no time for a new design. In the Netherlands, however, the maximum speed of the locomotives was set at 120 km / h.
The first locomotive was transferred from Sweden via Denmark and Germany in March 1946 and arrived in Hengelo on March 17th . On March 20, she successfully completed her first load test drive. By autumn 1946, all models of the 4000 series had been delivered and in use. They were initially stationed in Amsterdam , then in Rotterdam - Feyenoord and Eindhoven , where they had to move freight trains in addition to express and passenger train services.
After the war, the NS accelerated the electrification of the Dutch railway network, which was interrupted by the war, and as early as 1947 the locomotives of the 4000 series moved to the depot in Zwolle and Amersfoort . In addition to the replacement by electric vehicles, the fact that the locomotives were unpopular with the Dutch staff because of their often unknown and unfamiliar control elements contributed to this. If possible, the more popular "Jumbos" of the NS series 3700 were used . In Zwolle and Amersfoort, they initially carried express trains to Leeuwarden and Groningen . From 1948 all locomotives were stationed in Zwolle. In 1952, all lines in question for use in the east of the Netherlands were electrified and some of the locomotives that were only a few years old had already been shut down, especially the last ones that had not yet received a new copper fire box. The locomotives were relocated from Zwolle to Amsterdam. The local railway depot used them again in front of heavy express trains to Arnhem and the German border station Emmerich , including important trains such as the "Holland-Italy Express", which is often driven with a leader , and the Amsterdam wing train of the Rheingold . From January 1953 it was possible to drive electrically to Arnhem and the locomotives lost their planned performance. From 1954 to the beginning of 1956 they were phased out, the remaining locomotives were only used in freight traffic and for special services. All machines were scrapped after they were taken out of service, but two of the Swedish models of the H3s series have been preserved.
technology
Compared to the previously predominant express train steam locomotives of the 3700 and 3900 series, the 4000 series had many different features that were new and unfamiliar to the Dutch railway workers. In accordance with the northern temperatures, the locomotives had a completely closed driver's cab. The windshield on the driver's cab was also a new design element in the Netherlands. The drive was designed as a triplet with three cylinders, each of which was operated by a Walschaerts control - external to the outer cylinders. Sand container and steam dome had a joint panel, also a common feature in Sweden, as well as the one used Tender for a like used in Sweden designed by Karl Gölsdorf for his kkStB -Lokomotiven. The tapered and relatively small smoke chamber door was typical of Swedish designs.
The roller bearings used on all axles and the automatically cleaning smoke chamber were technically advanced . All locomotives were fitted with smoke deflectors and fire boxes made of steel ex works ; the latter were replaced by copper ones in eleven locomotives by 1952 . The small smoke chamber doors were exchanged and replaced by a flat and larger version, as they made it difficult to change the pipes in the boiler. The electrical lighting of the engine, which was previously unknown to the NS, turned out to be helpful in terms of entertainment technology, as it led to the locomotives being nicknamed “De Kerstboom” (German: “The Christmas tree ”) among the staff .
literature
- Hans v. Poll: Steam locomotives of the Dutch Railways (NS), Part 3: The series 4000 and 4700. in: Lok-Magazin 86, September / October 1977, pp. 368–376
Individual evidence
- ^ Page of the Järnvägssällskap mountain camps , accessed on December 26, 2014
- ↑ http://encyclopedie.beneluxspoor.net: Kerstboom ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 27, 2014
