Namao virus

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Namao virus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Varidnaviria
Empire : Bamfordvirae
Phylum : Nucleocytoviricota
Class : Megaviricetes
Order : Impersonal
Family : Mimiviridae
Subfamily : "Cafeteriavirus subfamily" / "Aquavirinae" / "sNCLDV"
Type : Namao virus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : dsDNA
Baltimore : Group 1
Symmetry : icosahedral
Scientific name
Namao virus
Short name
NV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 1302812

Namao virus (en. Namao virus , NV ) is a proposed species of giant viruses ( NCLDVs ) in the family Mimiviridae . The Namao virus parasitizes sturgeons ( English sturgeons ), in particular the sea sturgeon ( Acipenser fulvescens ) in the Canadian province of Manitoba .

description

The virions (virus particles) of Namao virus are large (242 to 282  nm ) and icosahedral with capsids and a condensed rod-shaped core.

It was in viral factories ( English virus factories , VF) in the cytoplasm of host cells found and had a tropism (preference for a site of infection) for the fish skin ( integument ) on.

The genome of this virus is according to Claverie et al. (2018) possibly from two non-overlapping contigs with a total of 306,448  bp . However, the authors could not clarify with certainty whether these two contigs belong to the same virus. There remained an unlikely possibility that these sequences would correspond to previous virus sequences when integrated into the fish genome (as previously observed in other organisms).

Systematics

Analyzes showed that the Namao virus belongs to a group of epitheliotropic (the epidermis infecting) giant viruses that parasitize sturgeon . The provisional designation sNCLDV ( English sturgeon nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus ) has been proposed for this group . It includes viruses of the extended family Mimiviridae - for which the order Imitervirales has since been introduced by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) - but also some that have so far been assigned to the Phycodnaviridae or Iridoviridae due to external similarities . In addition to the Namao virus , these are in particular :

  • Species: White sturgeon epivirus (obsolete: White Sturgeon Iridovirus , WSIV)
    This species was previously classified as a member of the Iridoviridae . New phylogenetic and serological findings suggest that this original assignment is incorrect. According to ICTV and NCBI, there is currently no new classification. In addition to the white sturgeon ( A. transmontanus ) in North America, the virus also affects the Russian sturgeon ( A. gueldenstaedtii ).
  • Species: Missouri River sturgeon iridovirus (MRSIV)
    The virus infects the shovel sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and S. albus .

Both are similar ( english resemble ) Lymphocystivirus (LCDG), but this is obviously only one analogy :
A phylogenetic analysis using the major capsid ( English major capsid protein , MCP) of the Namao virus and 27 other giant viruses from the group of NCLDV (now Phylum Nocleocytoviricota ) revealed in 2013 that Namao virus and White Sturgeon Iridovirus (WSIV) share a common evolutionary past and could be members of the Mimiviridae family or a new, as-yet-unrecognized virus family. In 2015 , it was possible to expand these results so that the “Sturgeon NCLDVs” (sNCLDVs) form a cohesive taxonomic group, possibly a separate line of development within the NCLDV. Both Claverie et al. (2018) and Clouthier et al. (2018) see the Namao virus as a sister taxon to the Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (CroV), which according to the current ICTV status belongs to the Mimiviridae . Thus, the sNCLDV could either belong to the Mimiviridae group II of the cafeteria viruses themselves , or they and the Mimiviridae group I of the mimiviruses in the broader sense ( English mimivirus-like viruses ) form another main branch of the Mimiviridae (or at least the extended Mimiviridae alias Imitervirales ) .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1 , New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  2. ↑ a b c d Sharon C. Clouthier, Elissa VanWalleghem, Shelagh Copeland, Cheryl Klassen, Gary Hobbs, Ole Nielsen, Eric D. Anderson: A new species of nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV) associated with mortalities in Manitoba lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens . In: Dis Aquat Organ. , 102 (3), February 28, 2013, pp. 195-209, doi: 10.3354 / dao02548 , PMID 23446969
  3. ↑ Center national de la recherche scientifique: List of the main “giant” viruses known as of today (March 2019) , Université Aix Marseille, March 2019.
  4. ↑ NCBI: Namao Virus (species)
  5. ↑ a b c Sharon C. Clouthier, Eric D. Anderson, Gael Kurath, Rachel B. Breyta: Molecular systematics of sturgeon nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses , in: Mol Phylogenet Evol 128, July 2018, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2018.07 .019
  6. ^ A b Jean-Michel Claverie, Chantal Abergel: Mimiviridae: An Expanding Family of Highly Diverse Large dsDNA Viruses Infecting a Wide Phylogenetic Range of Aquatic Eukaryotes . In: Viruses . 2018 Sep; 10 (9), September 18, 2018, p. 506, doi: 10.3390 / v10090506 , PMC 6163669 (free full text), PMID 30231528
  7. ^ A b c Sharon C. Clouthier, Elissa VanWalleghem, Eric D. Anderson: Sturgeon nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA virus phylogeny and PCR tests . In: Dis Aquat Organ. , 117 (2), December 9, 2015, pp. 93-106, doi: 10.3354 / dao02937 , PMID 26648102
  8. ↑ NCBI: White sturgeon epivirus syn. White sturgeon iridovirus (Species)
  9. ↑ a b c P. Hick, J. Becker, R. Whittington: Iridoviruses of Fish , in: Frederick SB Kibenge, Marcos G. Godoy (Eds.): Aquaculture Virology , Elsevier 2016, ISBN 978-0-12-801573- 5 , doi: 10.1016 / C2014-0-00125-6 , pp. 127–152 of 568 pages, chapter 8.3.7
  10. ↑ LR Watson, JM Groff, RP Hedrick: Replication and pathogenesis of white sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV) in experimentally infected white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus juveniles and sturgeon cell lines , in: Dis Aquat Organ. 32 (3), April 3, 1998, pp. 173-184, PMID 9676244
  11. ↑ Drennan JD, LaPatra SE, Siple JT, Ireland S, Cain KD: Transmission of white sturgeon iridovirus in Kootenai River white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus , in: Dis Aquat Organ. 70 (1-2), Jan. 12, 2006, pp. 37-45, PMID 16875389
  12. ↑ CFIA: White Sturgeon Iridoviral Disease - Fact Sheet , on: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, November 20, 2013
  13. ^ RP Hedrick, JM Groff, T. McDowell, WH Wingfield: An iridovirus infection of the integument of the white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus , in: Dis Aquat Organ., Volume 8, March 6, 1990, pp. 39-44
  14. ↑ Cefas: Disease data - White Sturgeon Iridoviral Disease , on: Center for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science , accessed August 22, 2019. The scientific name of the Russian sturgeon is incorrectly given as A. guldenstadi .
  15. ↑ NCBI: Missouri River sturgeon iridovirus (species)