Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier
Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier (born February 10, 1785 in Dijon , † August 21, 1836 in Paris ) was a French mathematician , civil engineer and physicist .
life and work
Navier's father died in 1793, after which his mother left him in the care of her uncle Emiland Gauthey , a well-known engineer in the Corps des ingénieurs des ponts et chaussées . In 1802 he began studies at the École polytechnique , continued this in 1804 at the École nationale des ponts et chaussées and graduated in 1806. Gauthey died shortly afterwards and Navier was commissioned by the Corps to process his works.
From 1819 on he taught at the École des Ponts et Chaussées and became professor of mechanics there in 1830 . In 1831 he was also appointed professor of analysis and mechanics at the École Polytechnique, replacing Augustin Louis Cauchy, who had gone into exile .
Navier brought the theory of elasticity into a mathematically manageable form with manageable effort. Charles Augustin de Coulomb had already achieved similar results in beam theory , but these had largely remained unnoticed. In 1819 Navier succeeded in correctly determining the zero line incorrectly indicated by Galileo Galilei ; In 1826 he made a clear distinction between the modulus of elasticity as a material property and the moment of inertia as a geometric property of the given beam cross-section. The crystallization point of Navier's synthesis of statics and strength theory is his technical bending theory (beam theory). Because of this synthesis performance and its accessible representation, Navier is considered the founder of structural engineering .
In 1822 he gave the Navier-Stokes equations for the motion of a viscous liquid . In 1824 he became a member of the Académie des Sciences in Paris.
In 1823 he published a book on suspension bridges that Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Dietlein published in German in 1825.
His name is immortalized on the Eiffel Tower, see: The 72 names on the Eiffel Tower .
See also
- Navier-Cauchy equations (Lamé equations), mathematical model for describing the motion of elastic solids
Works
- Report to Monsieur Becquey, Conseiller d'état,… et mémoire sur les ponts suspendus / par M. Navier. - 2nd ed. - Paris: Carilian-Gœury, 1830. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- Résumé des leçons données à l'École des ponts et chaussées sur l'application de la mécanique à l'établissement des constructions et des machines . 2e éd., Carilian-Goeury, Paris 1833–1838. Digitized on Gallica , BnF
literature
- Karl-Eugen Kurrer : The History of the Theory of Structures. Searching for Equilibrium, Ernst & Sohn 2018, p. 4f, p. 18ff, p. 60f, p. 84ff, p. 234f, p. 299ff, p. 419ff, p. 429ff, p. 950f and p. 1038 (Biography ), ISBN 978-3-433-03229-9 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier in the catalog of the German National Library
- John J. O'Connor, Edmund F. Robertson : Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier. In: MacTutor History of Mathematics archive .
- Prony: Notice Biographique sur M. Navier ... In: Annales des ponts et chaussées, 1 re Série, 1837, 1 re Semestre . ( Digitized on Google Books)
Individual evidence
- ^ List of members since 1666: letter N. Académie des sciences, accessed on February 18, 2020 (French).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Navier, Claude Louis Marie Henri |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French mathematician, physicist and bridge engineer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 10, 1785 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dijon |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 21, 1836 |
| Place of death | Paris |