New Börneplatz

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New Börneplatz
Coat of arms Frankfurt am Main.svg
Place in Frankfurt am Main
New Börneplatz
Partial view of the New Börneplatz from the southwest
Basic data
place Frankfurt am Main
District Downtown
Created 1996
Buildings Stone cube memorial Judengasse

The city ​​of Frankfurt am Main called Neuer Börneplatz , a square that was created in the mid-1990s and connects to Rechneigrabenstrasse to the north , but is only accessible to pedestrians.

planning

The square was planned by the City of Frankfurt am Main from 1984 and advertised in an architecture competition. Seven well-known architecture firms took part in the competition, with the Swiss architect Ernst Gisel emerging as the winner . Originally, the city administration and drafts had only planned a very small square with a memorial plaque for the former Orthodox synagogue, Mayor Walter Wallmann then had a memorial built in at the last minute, for which the square was enlarged so that some of the planned residential buildings on the east side of the square had to be deleted.

location

The Neue Börneplatz is located directly on Rechneigrabenstrasse and borders the walled area of Frankfurt's medieval Jewish cemetery .

function

Since June 16, 1996 , the square has served as part of the Neuer Börneplatz memorial dedicated to anti-Semitism .

layout

Sixty plane trees were planted in eight rows on the square, which was mostly covered with gravel , in the center of which a stone cube was erected. Four lights were installed between the rows of trees. Five benches and a wall made of four layers of stone blocks close off the square to the east from the adjacent residential buildings, while the cemetery wall delimits the area in the north. In the west, the acute-angled southeast end of the customer center complex protrudes into the square. To the northwest, a footpath leads along this complex and the cemetery wall and ends at the height of Stoltzestrasse in the busy Battonnstrasse . The completely open southern side is limited by a sidewalk and posts to the relatively quiet Rechneigrabenstraße .

history

1872: Former row of houses on today's Neuer Börneplatz, on the left the hospital of the Israelite men's and women's health insurance funds

Historically, the area of ​​the New Börneplatz is not part of the former fishing field, which was drained from the end of the 18th century, was outside the city wall of the 14th century around the so-called Neustadt and begins south of the square. Instead, it was still within the old city fortifications in the so-called Judeneck and was built on from at least the 18th century. The foundation walls of these buildings lie below the current square.

A row of houses consisting of five houses has been passed down to the south, facing the larger building complex of the Israelite men's and women's health insurance hospital built in 1829 by the Rothschild family at Rechneigrabenstrasse 20-28. At the same time or shortly after the construction of the orthodox Horovitz synagogue on Judenmarkt , which began in 1881, another building was built on what is now the New Börneplatz , which is directly connected to the rear of the synagogue.

The synagogue was set on fire and destroyed during the November pogrom on November 9, 1938. As early as 1935, the Börneplatz had been renamed Dominikanerplatz in relation to the Dominican monastery opposite, in order to erase the memory of the long Jewish history of the place. In 1942, the hospital of the Israelite men's and women's health insurance funds was a meeting point for Jewish residents of Frankfurt for deportations to extermination camps. The hospital and the row of houses fell victim to the air raids on Frankfurt am Main during the Second World War .

In the entire post-war period until the construction of the customer center of the former Frankfurter Stadtwerke began in the mid-1980s, the area of ​​today's Neuer Börneplatz was part of the wasteland Dominikanerplatz / Börneplatz , an unsightly dusty area that was used by the citizens as a wild parking lot near the city center. Over four decades, the city had no concept of this historic site, which for centuries as Jews market the center of Jewish life formed the city. The history of the Judenmarkt or Börneplatz ended with the partial overbuilding of the synagogue's foundation walls and the square, whose name and location are still remembered by appropriately designated bus and tram stops. The Neue Börneplatz, on the other hand, is largely unknown to the Frankfurt population due to its hidden location and its lack of function in the transport network.

The new Börneplatz is nominally the successor to the historic Börneplatz , the former Jewish market . The center and by far the largest part of the old Börneplatz or the former Jewish market , however, was further south-west and has been built over by Kurt-Schumacher-Strasse since the 1950s . Instead, the Neue Börneplatz partially represents the northeast corner of the historic Börneplatz or Jewish market .

At the southwest end of the area of ​​the Jewish cemetery, a small square was built in the Middle Ages, when the new city wall around Neustadt, built in 1333, first enclosed the cemetery in the city. Between 1462 and 1796 this square was the center of Jewish life in Frankfurt am Main, right at the interface between Judengasse and the Jewish cemetery. The so-called Jewish market was held there from the 16th century . In the course of the draining of the fishing field between the cemetery and the Main, which was originally located outside the city walls, the construction of the residential area known as the Neue Anlage there from 1793 and the razing of the city fortifications, this square was significantly enlarged and in 1885, after the construction of the Orthodox synagogue, it became Börneplatz . The Börneplatz was therefore the historically essential reference point of this district, which was shaped by discrimination and ghettoization, as the square covered a history of several centuries.

Transport links

For private transport , Neue Börneplatz can be reached directly via Rechneigrabenstrasse, with public transport by tram Frankfurt am Main ( lines 11, 12) and bus (lines 30, 36) via the Börneplatz stop . The closest stations to the Frankfurt U-Bahn and Rhein-Main S-Bahn are called Dom / Römer (U4, U5) and Konstablerwache (U4, U5, U6, U7 + S-Bahn lines).

literature

  • Hans-Otto Schembs : The Börneplatz in Frankfurt am Main. A reflection of Jewish history. Waldemar Kramer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-7829-0344-7
  • City of Frankfurt am Main (ed.), Memorial on Neuer Börneplatz for the third Jewish community in Frankfurt destroyed by the National Socialists. Red. Klaus Kemp, Sigmaringen 1996
  • Janine Burnicki: Stones of Memory. The conflict over the Frankfurt Börneplatz and the “memorial on the Neuer Börneplatz for the third Jewish community in Frankfurt am Main destroyed by the National Socialists”. Master's thesis, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 2000
  • City of Frankfurt am Main (ed.): Neuer Börneplatz Memorial, Frankfurt am Main. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-7995-2323-5

Individual evidence

  1. Deported to the backyard , in: Die Zeit, September 5, 1986 on: zeit.de
  2. Photo: Neuer Börneplatz, Frankfurt am Main at: ffmhist.de
  3. Neuer Börneplatz Memorial ( Memento of the original from January 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: stadtgeschichte-ffm.de  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stadtgeschichte-ffm.de
  4. Memorial Neuer Börneplatz at: kunst-im-oefflichen-raum-frankfurt.de
  5. The establishment of the Neuer Börneplatz memorial at: fffmhist.de
  6. Neuer Börneplatz Memorial at: hlz.tu-darmstadt.de
  7. Photo around 1900: View from the northeast from Schnurgasse (part of it is now called Battonnstrasse) to the medieval Jewish cemetery with an orthodox synagogue and a row of houses on the site of today's New Börneplatz , on the right : St. Bartholomew's Cathedral and Dominican monastery with Heiliggeistkirche on: lilit.de
  8. Photo: Model of the Judengasse with the Jewish market, the Israelite hospital, the medieval Jewish cemetery and the hospital of the Israelite men's and women's health insurance funds, center left Dominican monastery on: lilit.de
  9. Photo: model of Judengasse, red arrow points to Steinernes house with mikveh, above it is a medieval Jewish cemetery with an Israelite hospital. Row of houses and Israelitische Krankenkasse at the location of today's Neuer Börneplatz at: lilibit.de
  10. Satellite photo: Neuer Börneplatz on: lilit.de

Web links

Coordinates: 50 ° 6 ′ 42 "  N , 8 ° 41 ′ 23.4"  E