Nguyễn Thị Oanh gained her first international experience in 2013 when she won the silver medal in the obstacle course behind Indonesian Rini Budiarti at the Southeast Asian Games in Naypyidaw in 10: 30.92 minutes . The following year she won the Asian Junior Championships in Taipeiin 10: 19.34 min in the obstacle course. In 2017 she took part in the Southeast Asian Games in Kuala Lumpur for the first time , where she won the 1,500-meter run in 4: 20.51 minutes and the 5000 meters in 17: 23.20 minutes. In 2018 she won the bronze medal over 1500 meters at the Asian Indoor Championships in Tehran in 4: 28.87 min behind the Sri Lankan Gayanthika Abeyrathne and Tatjana Nerosnak from Kazakhstan and she also won the 3000-meter run in 9: 48.48 min the bronze medal behind Nerosnak and Gulschanoi Satarowa from Kyrgyzstan. At the end of August she took part in the Asian Games in Jakarta for the first time, where she also won the bronze medal behind the Bahraini Winfred Mutile Yavi and the Indian Sudha Singh with a new national record of 9: 43.83 minutes . She also took part in the 1,500 meter run, where she finished fourth in 4: 15.49 minutes. The following year she reached positions five and eight over 1500 meters and in the obstacle course at the Asian Championships in Doha in 4: 19.64 min and 10: 08.45 min. In December she celebrated a triple success over 1500 and 5000 meters as well as in the obstacle course at the Southeast Asian Games in Capas .
In 2017 and 2019 Nguyễn became the Vietnamese champion in the 1,500 and 5,000 meter run and in the obstacle course.
Personal best
1500 meters: 4: 14.67 min, November 28, 2018 in Hanoi
1500 meters (hall): 4: 28.87 min, February 3, 2018 in Tehran
3000 meters: 9: 48.48 min, February 1, 2018 in Tehran