Niccolò Leoniceno

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Niccolò Leoniceno
Niccolò Leoniceno, De Plinii et plurium aliorum medicorum in medicina erroribus opus primum (1509)

Niccolò Leoniceno (also Nicolo Leoniceno , Nicolo Lonigo , Nicolò da Lonigo da Vincenza , Latin Nicolaus Leoninus , Nicolaus Leonicenus Vicentinus ; * 1428 in Lonigo near Vicenza ; † June 9, 1524 in Ferrara ) was an Italian doctor, medical writer, philosopher, grammarian and Humanist .

Leoniceno was the son of a doctor. He studied philosophy in his native Vicenza under Ognibene da Lonigo (Omnibonus Leonicenus). Around 1453 he received his master's degree in liberal arts from the University of Padua , where he also received his doctorate in medicine. His teacher in Padua was Pietro Roccabonella Veneziano († 1491), a professor of medicine. He may have been teaching there for a while. In 1464 he went to the University of Ferrara as a professor , where he taught first mathematics, then Greek philosophy and finally medicine.

In 1490 he criticized Ibn Sina or the “Arabist tradition” in a letter to his Florentine colleague Angelo Poliziano . He campaigned for the publication of Greek medical works, especially the writings of Hippocrates and Galen, in the original language. Leoniceno also discovered and published errors in Pliny the Elder's Naturalis historia , which he attributed to his lack of understanding of the Greek sources.

He was a grammarian and a pioneer in the correct translation of ancient Greek and Arabic medical texts into Latin , for example by Galen and Hippocrates of Kos . As a grammarian he wrote the textbooks “De octo partibus orationis” and the “Libellus de Arte metrica”. Both works are masterpieces and early incunabula of didactics. In the 15th century, medical lectures were tied to the knowledge and interpretation of ancient authors. Therefore the teaching was extended to both disciplines. In 1497 Leoniceno first described in a learned treatise syphilis . For Franchino Gaffurio he translated the Harmoniae of Ptolemy .

He then worked in Venice in 1508, in Ferrara in 1509, in Paris in 1514, and in Pavia in 1519.

His pupil and successor in Ferrara was Johannes Manardus . One of the students of Leoniceno in Ferrara was Paracelsus , who received his doctorate in medicine there in 1516.

Editions and translations

  • Andreas Leennius (Ed.): Niccolò Leoniceno, Opuscula. Basel 1532.
  • Loris Premuda (Ed.): Nicolò Leoniceno: De Plinii in medicina erroribus. Edizione di "Il Giardino di Esculapio", Milano / Roma 1958 (Latin text and Italian translation)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Irmgard Hort: Leoniceno, Niccoló. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 840.
  2. ↑ Irmgart Hort: Leoniceno. 2005, p. 840.
  3. ^ De Plinii et aliorum in medicina erroribus. Ferrara 1492 (digitized version ) ( Nicolai Leoniceni uiri doctissimi De Plinii et aliorum medicorum erroribus liber: cui addita sunt quaedam eiusdem autoris De herbis & fruticibus. Animalibus. Metallis. Serpentibus. Tiro seu uipera. Nicoleos uere dictus, Victoria nomen & praebet, Aristotelemit Hippocratem . Henricus Petrus, Basel 1529 (digitized version) ) Also in Ferrara, Pandolfo Collenuccio published a counter- writ in 1493: Pliniana defensio adversus Nicolai Leoniceni accusationem. (Digitized version)
  4. ^ Niccolò Leoniceno. De morbo gallico. Aldo Manutius, Venice June 1497 (digitized version)
personal data
SURNAME Leoniceno, Niccolò
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Leoniceno, Nicolo; Leoninus, Nicolaus; Leonicenus of Vicenza, Nicolaus; Leonicenus Vicentinus, Nicolaus; Lonigo, Nicolo; Lonigo da Vincenza, Nicolò da
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian doctor, grammarian and humanist
DATE OF BIRTH 1428
PLACE OF BIRTH Lonigo near Vicenza
DATE OF DEATH June 9, 1524
Place of death Ferrara