Nicola Fabrizi

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Bust of Nicola Fabrizis in the Gianicolo Park of Rome (Antonio Buttinelli, 1886)

Nicola Fabrizi (born April 4, 1804 in Sassi near Modena , † March 31, 1885 in Rome ) was an Italian guerrilla fighter and one of the protagonists of the Risorgimento , the Italian unification movement between 1820 and 1870.

place of birth

According to official information, he was born in Modena on April 4, 1804. However, it is very likely that he was born on March 31, 1804 in the small village of Sassi in the municipality of Molazzana in the province of Lucca and was then brought there by his father, who went to Modena to complete his studies there was reported there. Fabrizi's great-grandparents and grandparents were born, raised and died in Sassi, and his parents were born in Sassi and lived there for a long time until they moved to Modena.

Life

Fabrizi was a young man in the secret society of the Carbonari , took part in Ciro Menotti's failed uprising in Modena in January 1831 and was therefore arrested on February 3, 1831 with his brothers Luigi (1812-1865) and Paolo (1805-1859). After his release, he went to Marseille in May 1832 , where he became acquainted with the ideas of Giuseppe Mazzini and the secret society founded by him, Young Italy (Giovine Italia), and joined this movement. He helped Mazzini organize the failed invasion of Savoy (February 1, 1834). He then fled to Spain, where he took part in the battles against the Carlist and was awarded for bravery in the field in 1837.

In 1837 Fabrizi went first to Corfu , then to Malta , where he founded the Legione Italica in 1839 , which he hoped would become a guerrilla movement in southern Italy and particularly Sicily and bring about popular uprisings. In 1844 he tried in vain to stop Mazzini from supporting the catastrophically unsuccessful mutiny of the brothers Attilio and Emilio Bandiera , but he supported Francesco Crispi in preparing for the Sicilian Revolution of January 1848. In 1849 he signed up with a group of volunteers from Sicily the defense of the Repubblica di San Marco ( Venice ) against the Austrians. He then went to Rome , where in early summer he took part in the defense of the city against the French and Spanish intervention troops. After the final suppression of the Roman Republic on July 3, 1849, he returned to Malta. There he procured weapons and supplies which he had brought to Sicily, where he helped Crispi prepare for the revolution of 1860. He also actively supported the Carlo Pisacanes raid on Ponza and Sapri in 1857, with which the latter tried to provoke an uprising in southern Italy.

In 1860 Fabrizi took part in Garibaldi's procession of a thousand in Sicily. While Garibaldi landed on May 11, 1860 in the west of the island near Marsala , Fabrizi and his men went ashore on June 2, 1860 on the east coast near Pozzillo and conquered the southern part of the island. He united with Garibaldi and fought with him at Palermo and Milazzo . When Garibaldi made himself dictator of Sicily, he appointed Fabrizi general, war minister of his provisional government and governor of Messina . After the plebiscites in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies , which sealed its annexation to the new, unified Italy, Fabrizi went back to Malta, but was soon called back to help Enrico Cialdini , the newly appointed Duke of Gaeta and governor of Naples , submit to the to help so-called " brigands ". In the war of 1866 with Austria, the Third Italian War of Independence, Fabrizi fought with Garibaldi's 2nd Italian Volunteer Regiment (2º Reggimento Volontari Italiani) in Trentino . When Garibaldi 1867 against the Papal States drew Fabrizi vice chairman was the General Staff and took on 3 November 1867 at the battle of Mentana part in which an army of the Papal States under General Hermann Chancellor and French auxiliary troops under General Balthazar de Polhès Garibaldi's volunteers defeated.

Fabrizi was in the new Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865 a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Italian Parliament for Modena. He campaigned for an agreement on the left and from 1878 tried to appoint Crispis as prime minister.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lucy Riall: Garibaldi: Invention of a Hero. Yale University Press, New Haven 2007, ISBN 978-0-300-11212-2 , pp. 33-34.

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Fabrizi, Nicola
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Guerrilla fighter and soldier of the Italian Risorgimento
DATE OF BIRTH April 4, 1804
PLACE OF BIRTH Sassi at Modena
DATE OF DEATH March 31, 1885
Place of death Rome