Nikolai Fyodorowitsch Lapschin

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Nikolai Lapschin

Nikolai Fjodorowitsch Lapschin ( Russian: Николай Фёдорович Лапшин ; * around 1888 in Saint Petersburg ; † February 24, 1942 ibid (Leningrad)) was a Russian artist. He worked, among other things, as a painter , graphic artist , book designer , illustrator and decorative artist . Lapschin is a representative of the Leningrad School of Landscape Painting and belongs to the Futurism movement.

Life

Nikolai Lapschin was the son of a merchant and was born in Petersburg. There are various information about his date of birth in the literature (between 1888 and 1891). In his home town he first attended the Stieglitz School for Technical Drawing from 1900 and the Polytechnic Institute in 1909. From 1912 he was a student at the drawing school of the Society for the Promotion of the Arts a. a. with Ivan Bilibin , Arkady Rylov and Nikolaos Chimonas . He received further lessons in the private studios of Jan Ciągliński and Michail Bernschtein . In 1913 he met the painters Michail Larionow and Natalija Goncharova . With Goncharova he designed a set for Rimsky-Korsakov's opera The Golden Rooster . At this time Lapschin began to occupy himself with Russian icon painting and folklore. He fought in Galicia during World War I and returned to Petersburg in 1916 after being wounded. There he decorated cinemas and military clubs. In 1918 he was involved in decorating the city on the anniversary of the October Revolution. In 1919 he fought in the Red Army.

From 1919 to 1921 Lapschin worked in the art department of the People's Commissariat (IZO). He then became deputy director of the Petrograd Museum of Artistic Culture (MChK). At the same time he designed decorations for plates and services in the State Porcelain Manufactory in Petrograd (1921–1923). In 1924 he made a trip to Reval , Riga, Berlin and Prague and Zagreb . It emerged u. a. a linocut series with city views of Prague, numerous sketches and postcard motifs. He worked with various magazines and publishers, for whom he created illustrations and essays on artistic subjects. He published z. B. in the children's monthly magazines Tschisch (Eng. "Zeisig"), Nowy Robinson ("The New Robinson") and Josch ("Igel"; 1928 Lupschin was editor) as well as the literary and theater magazine Schisn iskusstwa ("Living Art").

Lapschin was involved in various artist groups that were active in Saint Petersburg. First he joined the futuristic-oriented literature and art group “Beskrownoje ubistwo” (Eng. “Bloodless Murder”, 1915) around Michail Le-Dantju . Later he was a member of the Association of Artists of the Association "Svoboda i revoljucija" (from 1917) as well as the "Soyuz molodjoschi" (1917-1919), the "Sevodnja" ("Today") of Vera Yermolajewa (1918/1919) ), the “Obschtschestvo chudozhnikow-indiwidualistow” (“Society of Individual Artists”; from 1922), the “Obedinenije noveischich tetscheni” (“Association of New Movements in Art”; 1922–1923) and the “Tschetyre iskusstwa” (“Four Arts "; From 1926). In 1932 he joined the Saint Petersburg Artists Association , where in 1938 he took over the management of the graphics section.

Lapschin taught at various institutions in Moscow and Leningrad, e.g. B. der Wchutemas (1920–1922), Polygraphische Fachhochschule (1929–1933; graphic / printing technology), Ilya Repin Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1933–1937, painting and drawing) and Leningrad College of Engineering for Municipal Economics (1933– 1940).

He married Vera Vasilyevna Spechina (1894–1942), who worked in the secretariat of the magazine Schisn iskusstwa .

In 1941, Lapschin lost sight. The following year he starved to death during the Leningrad blockade , and his wife also died.

plant

Lapschin initially created mainly works of applied art , designed books, porcelain, and theater and building decorations. He gained fame primarily through his work in the field of book graphics. He mainly illustrated travel literature and historical treatises on science and technology, but also children's literature, for which he developed his own illustration concept. His style was very reduced and simplistic, with the experimental use of colors. He often worked with the author M. Ilin (pseudonym of Ilja Marschak , younger brother of Samuil Marschak ). His most important works include the illustration of The Travels of Marco Polo (1934), for which he won first prize out of 400 applicants in a competition organized by the New York Limited Editions Club.

From the second half of the 1930s, Lapschin turned to (oil) painting and (watercolor) drawings. He mainly presented landscapes, e.g. B. colored cityscapes of Leningrad.

Works by Lapschin can be found in the Cheboksary Art Museum , the Tretyakov Gallery and the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, as well as in the Russian Museum and Museum of City History in St. Petersburg.

Exhibitions (selection)

literature

Web links

Commons : Nikolay Lapshin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Aleksej Borisovič Parygin: Lapšin, Nikolaj Fedorovič . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 83, de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-023188-5 , p. 190.
  2. ↑ Nikolai Fjodorowitsch Lapschin In: Christoph Vitali : The great utopia: the Russian avant-garde, 1915-1932. Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt, 1992, p. 751.
  3. ^ Lapschin Nikolai Fedorowitsch, 1891-1942. Galereia Art-Diwasch, g. Moskwa, 18 janwarja - 6 marta 2005. Scorpio, Moscow 2005, ISBN 5-86408-115-9 , p. 7.
personal data
SURNAME Lapschin, Nikolai Fyodorovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Лапшин, Николай Фёдорович (Russian); Lapshin, Nikolay Fedorovich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian artist
DATE OF BIRTH around 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH February 24, 1942
Place of death Leningrad