Nitroethane

Structural formula
General
Surname	Nitroethane
Molecular formula	C 2 H 5 NO 2
Brief description	colorless liquid with a pleasant odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	201-188-9
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.081
PubChem	6587
Wikidata	Q417316
properties
Molar mass	75.07 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	1.05 g cm −3 (20 ° C)
Melting point	−90 ° C
boiling point	115 ° C
Vapor pressure	20.8 h Pa (20 ° C)
pK s value	8.46 (25 ° C)
solubility	soluble in water (45 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
Refractive index	1.3917 (20 ° C)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 226-302 + 332
	P: 210-262
MAK	DFG / Switzerland: 100 ml m −3 or 310 mg m −3
Toxicological data	1100 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral )
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−143.9 kJ / mol
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

Nitroethane is a harmful chemical compound that is a colorless liquid at room temperature. It has an ignition temperature of 410 ° C and a flash point of 28 ° C.

use

Nitroethane is required in organic chemistry for the synthesis of a wide variety of substances, since the carbon atom bound to the nitro group has an acidic character due to the mesomeric stabilization of the anion. For example, nitroalkanes form salts with bases. One of the most important reactions here is the Henry reaction ; Depending on the conditions, nitroalkenes or nitroalcohols can be formed. This reaction is an important way of forming C – C bonds. Nitroethane is also suitable as a special solvent. In nail design nitroethane is used as a bargaining aid use.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Entry on nitroethane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 10, 2017(JavaScript required) .
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids and Bases, pp. 8-42.
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-390.
↑ Entry on Nitroethane in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva): Limit values - current MAK and BAT values (search for 79-24-3 or nitroethane ), accessed on November 2, 2015.
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances, pp. 5-22.

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Entry on nitroethane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 10, 2017(JavaScript required) .

[CRC90_8_42-2] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids and Bases, pp. 8-42.

[CRC90_3_390-3] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-390.

[CLP_100.001.081-4] Entry on Nitroethane in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[5] Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva): Limit values - current MAK and BAT values (search for 79-24-3 or nitroethane ), accessed on November 2, 2015.

[CRC90_5_22-6] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances, pp. 5-22.