Nogai language
| Nogai ( Ногай тили ) |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
Russia | |
| speaker | 87,000 (2010) | |
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Official status | ||
| Official language in |
 Karachay Cherkessia
|
|
| Recognized minority / regional language in |
 Dagestan
|
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
nog |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
nog |
|
The Nogaic language ( Nogaisch Ногай тили / Noġaj tili ) is a western Turkish language of the Aralo - Caspian group within the Turkic languages . Short form is Nogaisch .
Origin of names and alternative names
The language name "Nogaisch" is derived from Nogai Khan , a grandson of Genghis Khan . In the past, Nogai was incorrectly called only " Tatar ", "Black Tatar " or "Nogai-Tatar". In German , the terms "Noghaisch" and "Nogaiisch" are also used. In Turkey , only the name "Nogay Türkçesi" (Nogai Turkish) is mainly used.
Distribution area
Today, Nogai is spoken by around 70,000 people in the northeastern Caucasus . Nogai is particularly widespread in Dagestan , the republics of Chechnya and Ingushetia, and in the Stavropol region . At the last census of the USSR (1989) still 67,591 or 89.9% said the 75,181 Nogaier to Nogai as their mother tongue.
Classifications
Nogaisch is sometimes classified differently. The "Fischer Lexikon Sprachen" (1987) lists Nogai within the Turkic languages as follows:
- Turkic languages
- Western branch
- Bulgarian group
- Oghuz group
- Kipchak group
- Kyptschak-Nogai group
- Nogai
- Kyptschak-Nogai group
- Western branch
In contrast, Nogaisch is classified as follows in the "Metzler Lexicon Language" (2005):
- Turkic languages
- Southwest Turkish (Oghusian)
- Eastern Turkish (Karlukisch)
- West Turkish (Kipchak)
- Ural (Kipchak-Bulgarian)
- Pontic Caspian (Kipchak-Oghusian)
- Aral-Caspian (Kipchak-Nogaisch)
- Nogaisch
The current classification can be found in the article Turkic languages .
Dialects and alphabets
Nogai has a strong dialectal structure. But today three large groups can be identified:
- White Nogai in the Circassian Autonomous Region
- Central Nogaisch and
- Black Nogai in the territory of the Dagestani Republic
Nogai is closely related to Kazakh , especially its western dialect. Linguistically, the language stands between Kazakh and Kumyk , from which Nogai was also heavily influenced. The Nogai, for example, see the Kumyk Chasawjurt dialect as a Nogai idom, as this is a transition dialect from Kumyk into Nogai.
Until the late 1920s, Chagatai was the written language of the Nogai people . But in the 16th century, the Nogai people came under the influence of the Ottoman language , while from the 17th to the 18th centuries they were under the strong influence of Persian . All these umbrella and cultural languages had in common that they were written with a modified Arabic alphabet .
Nogaisch has only been an independent written language since 1928, when a new Turkic alphabet was introduced. Whose spelling was from Nogay academics (including his name in A. Dzhanibekov Canibek Turkicised) completed. These rules of orthography were eventually adopted by all other non-Slavic peoples of the USSR. But as early as 1938, the script was changed to a modified Cyrillic alphabet as part of the compulsory Russian lessons .
With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990, the Arabic alphabet was introduced for the Nogai language for a short period of time, and in 1991 and 1992 the Nogai people experimented with various Latin alphabets, but they failed to gain acceptance. To this day, Nogai is written with a Cyrillic alphabet. Militant Panturkists , however, use the modern Turkish Latin alphabet for the design of their websites .
| A a | B в | Ç ç | D d | E e | Ә ә | G g | Ƣ ƣ |
| I i | K k | L l | M m | N n | N̡ ᶇ | O o | Ө ө |
| P p | Q q | R r | S s | Ş ş | T t | U u | Y y |
| J j | Ь ь | Z z | V v | ||||
The language code is NOG.
literature
- Birsel Karakoç: The finite verbal system in Nogaischen (= Turcologica. Volume 58). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-447-05023-3 (also dissertation, University, Mainz 2001).
- Helmut Glück (Ed.), With the collaboration of Friederike Schmöe : Metzler Lexikon Sprache. 3rd, revised edition. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2005, ISBN 3-476-02056-8 .
- Heinz F. Wendt: Fischer Lexicon Languages. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt / M. 1987, ISBN 3-596-24561-3 .
