Nueve de Julio (ship)
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 The Nueve de Julio |
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| Overview | |
| Type | Protected cruiser |
| Shipyard |
Armstrong, Mitchell & Co , Elswick , construction no. 570 |
| Keel laying | October 15, 1891 Start of construction: February 1891 |
| Launch | July 26, 1892 |
| delivery | June 29, 1893 |
| Namesake | the argentinian independence day |
| Decommissioning | 1930 |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
3,575 ts |
| length |
113.5 m over everything, |
| width |
13.4 m |
| Draft |
5.6 m |
| crew |
327 to 346 men |
| drive |
8 cylinder boilers , |
| speed |
22.25 kn |
| Range |
4872 nm at 10 kn |
| Armament |
4 × 150 mm L / 40 Armstrong Rapid Fire Gun |
| Coal supply |
350 ts, max. 772 ts |
| Armored deck |
47 to 127 mm |
| Gun shields |
50 mm |
| Command tower |
102 mm |
The protected cruiser ARA Nueve de Julio of the Argentine Navy was the second cruiser it acquired from Armstrong, Mitchell & Co in March 1892 . With three new cruisers until 1896, Argentina was one of the strongest users of the so-called Elswick cruiser , before it primarily turned to the procurement of armored cruisers of the Garibaldi class from Italian production. The Nueve de Julio was different from the very similar Veinticinco de Mayo no heavy bow and stern gun, but four 152-mm rapid-fire guns, of which one each served as bow and stern gun and the other two were placed side behind the bridge. After the Piemonte delivered to Italy in 1889 , it was the second Elswick cruiser on which only rapid-fire guns were installed.
In 1930 the Nueve de Julio was canceled.
Building history
The Nueve de Julio began as a speculative building and was only bought in May 1892 by Argentina's ambassador to Great Britain, Luis Domínguez , at a price of 293,000 pounds, as tensions with Chile continued over the interpretation of the border treaty of 1881 . It had two thinner and higher chimneys than the preceding Veinticinco de Mayo and also two masts that had a combat marse. With a length of 106.7 m between the perpendiculars, it was 6 m longer than the previous cruiser and measured 113.5 m over everything and had one more watertight compartment. The steel hull again had a developed ram but a different stern shape .
Its two four-cylinder steam engines delivered 13,000 hp with natural draft and 14,500 hp with artificial draft. In the acceptance tests, they enabled 21.2 knots over six hours or a top speed of 22.74 knots over four hours.
The Nueve de Julio did not receive the heavy Krupp cannons of its predecessor, but instead four 152 mm L / 40 Armstrong rapid fire guns, which were installed individually as a bow or rear gun behind protective shields and on the side just behind the front mast as the first guns of the Side battery that could also participate in the bow fire. In addition, there were four 120 mm Armstrong cannons on each side in somewhat projecting positions, also behind protective shields. Twelve 47 mm and 37 mm Hotchkiss rapid fire cannons , which Armstrong manufactured under license, were distributed on the upper deck and installed in the combat marshes of the two masts. The armament was supplemented by five torpedo tubes, which were installed above the water in the bow and on the sides. The Nueve de Julio had a curved armored deck, the curvature of which was strongest between the two masts, 113 mm thick and up to 127 mm thick above the engines.
It was launched on July 26, 1892 and was named Nueve de Julio after Argentina's Independence Day (July 9, 1816). She was the ninth ship in the Argentine Navy to carry this name. The cruiser began its acceptance tests on January 24, 1893 and was taken over by Argentina in Great Britain on January 27, 1893. The captain was Martín Rivadavia , who came to Europe with the Argentine squadron in 1892 to celebrate the discovery of America with the first parts of the crew as the commander of the Veintecinco de Mayo .
Mission history
The Nueve de Julio left the Tynes estuary on April 2, 1893 and ran through the Strait of Dover and in bad weather across the Atlantic to the Azores island of São Miguel , which was reached on April 9. On the 10th we went to New York for the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus . The cruiser took part in the great naval parade on April 25, 1893, to which many warships from other navies had arrived in addition to the American fleet. As the official representative of Argentina, Commodore Enrique Guillermo Howard (1852-1913) was on board the cruiser whose construction supervisor he had been. After the festivities, the cruiser ran to Buenos Aires via Saint Thomas , Martinique , Bahia and Rio de Janeiro until June 29th .
In the following years, the cruiser was used in fleet service for most of the time in the area of the Río de la Plata and usually had to go to Montevideo for overhauls - because of the possibility of docking there. In 1895 he ran to today's Puerto Belgrano near Bahía Blanca , where the Argentine Navy had a new naval port built under the name Puerto Militar from the following year, which later became its main base. In 1896, as part of the 1st Division of the operational squadron, the cruiser made another 80-day voyage further south to Golfo Nuevo near Puerto Madryn together with the cruiser Veinticinco de Mayo , the armored ship Almirante Brown , the coastal armored ship Libertad and the light Cruiser Patria . From August 24th to October 23rd, a trip to Río de Janeiro followed together with the Almirante Brown , the Veinticinco de Mayo and the cruiser Patagonia .
In 1897 Nueve de Julio formed the first division of the fleet with the new Elswick cruiser Buenos Aires , the Veinticinco de Mayo and the torpedo boat destroyer Espora and in October became the flagship of the training association, which also included the Almirante Brown , the Veinticinco de Mayo , the Libertad and the Patria belonged to. Until it was assigned to the reserve in May 1902, the Nueve de Julio mainly made trips in the La Plata area, but also took part in naval maneuvers off Bahia Blanca. The 1899 maneuver in the South Atlantic took them to Ushuaia on the Beagle Channel . Activated again and again for training trips, she ran up on a trip to Brazil in the bay of Itá Pocoroya on September 29, 1905, but was released again with the support of Independencia and Veinticinco de Mayo .
In 1910 Argentina celebrated the 100th anniversary of its independence. The Navy again set up a second division, which also included the Nueve de Julio , and at the beginning of the year made a trip to Mar del Plata , Cabo Raso near Rawson , Puerto Santa Cruz , Estrecho de Le Maire , as part of the Veintecinco de Mayo Bay of Buen Suceso / Tierra del Fuego , Ushuaia, Cape Horn and Puerto Madryn . The division then took part in the celebrations in Buenos Aires, which were attended by a number of foreign warships. After that, the crew of the cruiser was reduced. In 1911 he took part in the celebrations of Uruguay's National Day in Montevideo. From 1912 it served again as a training ship and from the end of 1913 served the basic training of newcomers for the incoming battleship Rivadavia .
In October 1916, the Nueve de Julio marched with other units to Puerto Madryn to ensure Argentina's neutrality in the First World War . In 1917 and 1918 she formed the 1st division of the fleet with the battleships Moreno and Rivadavia . On September 28, she was in Comodoro Rivadavia to suppress a strike by the oil workers and checked the situation of the German ships lying in Puerto Madryn. In 1919 the cruiser was reassigned to the 2nd (training) division. In July 1922 the school cruiser was taken to Ushuaia to suppress feared uprisings.
Final fate of the Nueve de Julio
In 1925 the ship was disarmed and from October 1926 it was used by the Torpedo School as a barge. On October 23, 1930, the Nueve de Julio was formally decommissioned. Then the demolition of the ship began. On August 18, 1938, the remainder of the ship sank, which could not be lifted until 1947 and was then finally demolished.
Another name bearer
After the Elswick cruiser, another ship of the Argentine Navy was named Nueve de Julio :
- the cruiser ARA Nueve de Julio (C-5) , the former US American USS Boise (CL-47) of the Brooklyn class , which was in service with the Armada Argentina from 1951 to 1978 and with its sister ship General Belgrano ex USS Phoenix (CL-46) formed a class.
literature
- Peter Brooke: Warships for Export: Armstrong Warships 1867-1927. World Ship Society, Gravesend 1999, ISBN 0-905617-89-4 .
- Roger Chesneau, Eugène M. Koleśnik, NJM Campbell: Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Md. 1979, ISBN 0-85177-133-5 .
- John Evelyn Moore: Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I. Military Press, New York 1990.
Web links
Individual evidence
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↑ Jane's 1910 puts the 152 mm (6 ") guns on the front and rear sides; mEfalsch, the bow and stern gun are supposed to be 120 mm guns according to Jane's
Brassey 1899 draws bow and stern guns and the front and rear side guns as 6 "guns, so a total of six! - ↑ Ironclad Almirante Brown , 1880 Samuda Brothers , 4300 ts, 14 kn
- ^ Coastal armored ship Libertad , 1890 Laird , 2336 ts, 11 kn
- ↑ Torpedo cannon boat Patria , 1893 Laird, 1070 ts, 20.5 knots, similar to British Dryad class, replacement of the sunken Rosales
- ↑ Cruiser Patagonia , 1885 STTriest , 1442 ts, 14 kn
- ↑ Torpedo boat destroyer Espora , 1889 Laird, 590 ts, 19.5 kn
- ^ Coastal armored ship Independencia , 1890 Laird, 2336 ts, 11 kn