Oberbeuren (Kaufbeuren)

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Oberbeuren
City of Kaufbeuren
The coat of arms of Oberbeuren shows a tower for the rule of the Schwarzenbergs and two stars as in the Kaufbeuren city coat of arms.
Coordinates: 47 ° 52 ′ 22 ″  N , 10 ° 36 ′ 8 ″  E
Height : 712 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 3725  (Dec. 31, 2018)
Incorporation : July 1, 1972
Postal code : 87600
Area code : 08341
St Dionysius

Oberbeuren is a district and parish village of the independent city of Kaufbeuren in Bavarian Swabia . The district is about two kilometers west of the city and has about 3700 inhabitants.

The name originated from the Old High German "bur" for house or apartment and the addition "ober", which distinguishes it from Kaufbeuren. The motivating factor for this education was apparently the higher position; the central church of Oberbeuren stands at 712  m above sea level. NHN , from Kaufbeuren to 679  m above sea level. NHN .

Local history

The settlement goes back to the Alemannic conquest at the end of the 5th century, probably by the sub-tribe of the Juthung . As part of the Frankish colonization in the 8th / 9th In the 19th century it was expanded to a village; A prehistoric settlement and a Roman settlement are possible, as small section fortifications and high fields as well as Roman silver coins were found in 1732.

The Franconian Karlmann outwitted the Swabian aristocrats in 746 and built a Franconian royal court in the Oberbeuren corridor at a crossing at Wertach, from which the town of Kaufbeuren later emerged. Merovingian grave finds to the northeast of the place speak for Oberbeuren as the Alemannic Altort to Kaufbeuren. The place was owned by the Barons von Beuren (followers of the Guelphs ), whose last representative, Heinrich III., As a follower of Duke Welf VII. , Who took over the Swabian army in the campaign of Friedrich Barbarossa against Pope Alexander III. died of malaria in Italy in 1167. The property of the Lords of Beuren went to the Ottobeuren monastery . They left it to the Guelphs as a fiefdom ( Welf VI. ). In 1191 the imperial estate was bequeathed to the Hohenstaufen family and in 1268 to the empire. Kaufbeuren became a town and left the Urmark area. Oberbeuren remained as a small rulership that could be borrowed from the Reich. The landlords included the lords of Kemnat and the Irsee monastery (the possession of two farms in "Obrenburen" was confirmed by Pope Gregory IX in 1239 - the place was first named "Oberbeuren" in 1484). On September 28, 1308, Oberbeuren was pledged by Heinrich VII to knight Heinrich von Schwarzenburg. In 1408 it came into the possession of the Lords of Lichtenau and from them to the nobles of Heimenhofen-Burgberg. In 1519 the 16-year-old Kaspar von Heimenhofen sold it to the imperial city of Kaufbeuren for 4000 guilders after the death of his father Burkhard. While Kaufbeuren mostly converted to the Reformation in 1543, the associated villages and Oberbeuren remained Catholic.

Around 1800 Oberbeuren was unified. 1802 Kaufbeuren became Bavarian and Oberbeuren 1803 an independent municipality. The aqueduct was built in 1891 and electricity was introduced in 1901.

On June 30, 1972, the previously independent municipality of Kleinkemnat was added. On July 1, 1972, one day later, Oberbeuren was incorporated into the independent city of Kaufbeuren together with Hirschzell as part of the regional reform .

Culture and sights

Catholic Parish Church of St. Dionysius

View from the St. Dionysius gallery

The Catholic parish church of St. Dionysius is in the center of the village. Except for the tower substructure, which dates back to the late Middle Ages, the church was built from 1709 to 1710, presumably based on a design by Johann Jakob Herkomer on the initiative of Pastor Johann Biechele. A restoration took place in 1878. In 1976 the shell was renovated, the stucco ceiling in the choir was secured in 1979, and in 1993 an exterior renovation was carried out. The floor plan of the church shows a mighty nave with an elongated choir in the east and a semicircular porch in the west, the lateral roof surfaces of the nave are also semicircular. The baptismal font dates from the 15th century, it has a tendril relief from the middle of the 13th century. The altar in the vestibule dates from 1703, the walnut pulpit with inlay from 1720, the choir stalls from 1710. The stucco reliefs (approx. 1712) are by Matthias Lotter. The Stations of the Cross paintings from 1745 were painted over in the 19th century. The ceiling paintings (1920) are by Oswald Völkel and Wilhelm Lessig .

The church goes back to the Frankish proselytizing of the 7th or 8th century; the patronage of St. Dionysius is a feature of the Carolingian colonization activity or the Franconian influence. In addition, Carolingian royal courts regularly have two churches, one of which - St. Martin in Kaufbeuren - was a royal own church and, as a fiscal church, was expressly reserved for the royal court administrator and his servants. The second, in this case St. Dionysus in Oberbeuren, was available to the local population. Therefore it was probably the original parish church for the entire corridor up to the Wertach . The church was a Quartankirche, which had to leave the bishop of Augsburg with the income every fourth year. Since 1721 the Catholic councilors of Kaufbeurens had the right to present the parish.

St. Cosmas and Damian

St. Cosmas and Damian from the east

The Catholic pilgrimage and congregational church of St. Cosmas and Damian was consecrated in 1494.

The choir, the tower substructure and the core of the nave still come from that time. The altar and the sacristy are in the east, opposite is the relatively small, squat entrance with the vestibule. The western part of the nave is slightly shifted parallel to the south.

After being destroyed in 1624, the church was restored by the Wallers from 1627 and consecrated again in 1631. In 1658 the church was donated to the Marian Congregation and restored. In 1668 it received new altars. In 1730 the nave was extended and the sacristy built, in 1743 it was richly decorated with stucco and received paintings by Joseph Anton Walch. The high altar dates from 1722, the side altars from 1745. In 1767 the pointed arched choir windows were made rounded.

In the context of secularization, plans were made in 1810 to demolish the church in favor of a school, but this failed due to the resistance of the citizens.

Since 1960 it has been the church for the Catholic military community, the main station of the military air base is opposite.

Further architectural monuments

Rectory
Pfarrstadel

The rectory from 1731/40 was built according to a plan by Joseph Schmuzer. The parish hall has an artistic carpentry work on the gable.

At the Schlößle
Gasthaus zum Engel

The former Schlösschen Am Schlößle 4 is a state seat from 1576 and has a checkered history with frequent changes of ownership, looting and restorations. The Schlössle was a school from 1810 to 1923 and has been privately owned since 1924. The Gasthaus zum Engel in Hauptstrasse was built in 1832 in the Biedermeier style.

former mill at Salzstrasse 25a

The former paper mill from 1490 at Salzstraße 13 was destroyed in the Thirty Years War , rebuilt in 1671 and existed until 1863.

The oldest mill in town, at Salzstraße 14, belonged to the Kemnat rule from 1472 to 1522 and was also destroyed in the Thirty Years War. It was rebuilt in 1661.

The old oil mill, which was built as an iron forge in 1694, is located at Salzstraße 25a.

Military airfield

The Kaufbeuren Air Base is located in Oberbeuren .

education

Elementary school Oberbeuren

With the elementary school Oberbeuren, Oberbeuren offers a primary school up to the 4th grade. Secondary schools can only be reached in Kaufbeuren. The Arbeiterwohlfahrt runs a kindergarten.

Fire station Oberbeuren

societies

  • Voluntary fire brigade Oberbeuren
  • TSV Oberbeuren
  • Oberbeurer Schützenverein Blattlschoner
  • Musikverein Harmonie Oberbeuren
  • Theater Association D'Oberbeurer Bühne eV
  • The Oberbeuren volunteer fire brigade, founded in 1871, is integrated as an independent fire brigade in the Kaufbeuren City Fire Brigade Association with its commanding officer and club.

Well-known Oberbeurer

  • Paul Kauzmann (1874–1951), painter who lived in Oberbeuren since 1925 and died there.
  • Eduard Wildung (1901–1987), painter
  • Dietrich Wildung (* 1941), Egyptologist, director of the Egyptian Museum Berlin
  • Steiner (1936-2018), support of the torch at the Olympic Torch Run 1972

literature

  • Jürgen Kraus, Stefan Fischer (Eds.): The City of Kaufbeuren Volumes I and II . Bauer-Verlag Thalhofen 1999. ISBN 3-930888-60-2 (Vol. I) and ISBN 3-930888-79-3 (Vol. II)
  • Alfred Weitnauer: Allgäu Chronicle. Text Volume I . Allgäuer Zeitungsverlag Kempten 1981: ISBN 3-88006-073-8
  • Alfred Weitnauer: Allgäu Chronicle. Volume II Verlag für Heimatpflege Kempten 1971
  • Alfred Weitnauer: Allgäu Chronicle. Text volume III . Allgäuer Zeitungsverlag Kempten 1984 ISBN 3-88006-095-9
  • Festschrift 1250 years of St. Dionysius Oberbeuren . Church Foundation St. Dionysius, Oberbeuren 2000, in particular the article On the history of Oberbeuren by Hans Zwick
  • Egon Guggemos (Ed.): Kaufbeuren Verkehrsverein Kaufbeuren eV 1988, ISBN ZA39972, article "On the history of Oberbeuren" by Hans Zwick

Individual evidence

  1. Marcus Simm: The king's city in Buron. Kaufbeuren - An urban archaeological study on genesis, early development and topography. Thalhofen, 2012. 96.
  2. See ibid .: 43.
  3. Egon Guggemos: tour of the old town of Kaufbeuren, tour of the “jewelery town” Neugablonz, Hirschzell, Kemnat, Oberbeuren. Kaufbeuren, Kaufbeuren Tourist Office, 1994
  4. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 492 .
  5. City and district of Kaufbeuren Tillmann Breuer Deutscher Kunstverlag 161 ff
  6. See Simm 2012: 96.
  7. ^ Dagmar Dietrich: Catholic Congregation Church of Saint Cosmas and Damian, Kaufbeuren-Oberbeuren. Munich u. a., Schnell & Steiner, 1982
  8. Letter to the LG Kempten 6 March 1810 from Dagmar Dietrich: Catholic Congregation Church Saint Cosmas and Damian, Kaufbeuren-Oberbeuren. Munich u. a., Schnell & Steiner, 1982 p. 6
  9. http://www.feuerwehr-kaufbeuren.de/feuerwehr/m_feuerwehr_oberbeuren.php
  10. http://www.feuerwehr-oberbeuren.de/

Web links

Commons : Oberbeuren  - Collection of images, videos and audio files